Medical Law - Ijiho (English spelling) medical law

Japanese: 医事法 - いじほう（英語表記）medical law

Medical practice is originally something that occurs naturally, but with the socialization of medicine, there is a tendency for legal regulation worldwide. In the UK, the US, and France, self-regulation by guilds is practiced, while in Germany and Japan, administrative involvement is strong. In Japan, the history of modern law began with the Ministry of Home Affairs Notice No. 5 of 1876, "Establishment of the Examination Law for the Establishment of Medical Practices as Attached Sheet...", which was followed by the Ministry of Home Affairs Notice No. 3 of 1879, Regulations on Medical Examinations, which established the national examination system for medical practitioners. This was the first time that national regulation of medical care began. Four years later, the Regulations on Medical Licensing (Dajokan Proclamation No. 35 of 1883) was promulgated, which established the national license and national registration system (medical register) for medical practitioners. Following this history, in the current laws, the Medical Practitioners Act (Law No. 201 of 1948) regulates the status of medical practitioners, and the Medical Care Act (Law No. 205 of 1948) regulates their practice. In reality, however, the Health Insurance Act and the National Health Insurance Act were expanded in the hope of improving social security after World War II, and in fact form the basis of medical care in Japan from a financial perspective. Special related laws include the Livelihood Protection Act, Tuberculosis Prevention Act, Maternal Health Protection Act, Mental Hygiene Act, Maternal and Child Health Act, Welfare Act for the Physically Disabled, Act on Medical Care for Atomic Bomb Victims, and Workers' Accident Compensation Insurance Act.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

医療行為は，本来は自然発生的なものであるが，医療の社会化とともに，世界的に法規制に傾きつつある。イギリス，アメリカ，フランスはギルドによる自主規制，ドイツ，日本などは行政関与が強い。日本の場合，近代法制史上は明治9年内務省達甲第5号「医師開業之儀別紙之通試験法相定……」に始まり，これをうけて明治 12年内務省達甲第3号医師試験規則が公布され，まず医師に関する国家試験制度が法定された。ここに初めて医療についての国家的規制がその緒についた。次いで4年後の医師免許規則 (明治 16年太政官布告 35号) 公布によって，医師の国家免許および国家登録制 (医籍) が確立することになった。この沿革にそって現行法においては医師法 (昭和 23年法律 201号) が，医師の身分を規制，医療法 (昭和 23年法律 205号) が実務を規制している。しかし実体としては，健康保険法ならびに国民健康保険法が第2次世界大戦後の社会保障充実の期待のもとに拡大実施され，事実上は財政面から日本医療の基礎となっている。特殊な関連法規として，生活保護法，結核予防法，母体保護法，精神衛生法，母子保健法，身体障害者福祉法，原子爆弾被爆者の医療等に関する法律，労働者災害補償保険法などがある。

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