It is an Arabic word meaning "gift," but in Islamic history it refers to the pensions of Muhammad's widows, relatives, and those who made distinguished service, as well as the salaries of soldiers and officials. In 640, Umar I established diwans in Medina and each misr (military town) and began to pay them. The atta of Arab warriors (muqatira) ranged from a maximum of 2,000 to a minimum of 300 dirhams per year, with most being allocated the minimum amount, and they were also given rizq. It was considered an Arab privilege to migrate to misr and receive atta, but Mukhtar provided atta to the mawarire as well during the rebellion (Mukhtar Rebellion, 685), and this was made government policy by the Umayyad caliph Umar II. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
〈贈り物〉を意味するアラビア語であるが,イスラム史の用語としては,ムハンマドの未亡人・親族・功労者の年金,軍人・官僚の俸給を意味する。640年ウマル1世が,メディナと各ミスル(軍営都市)にディーワーンを設けて支給を開始した。アラブ戦士(ムカーティラ)のアターは年額で最高2000から最低300ディルハムで,大部分は最低額を割り当てられ,ほかにリズクを支給された。ミスルに移住してアターを支給されるのは,アラブの特権とみなされていたが,ムフタールは反乱(ムフタールの乱,685)に際しマワーリーにもアターを支給し,それはウマイヤ朝カリフ,ウマル2世によって政府の政策とされた。
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