Ecclesiastes (English) qõhelet Hebrew

Japanese: 伝道の書 - でんどうのしょ(英語表記)qõhelet ヘブライ語
Ecclesiastes (English) qõhelet Hebrew

A book in the Old Testament. Also called Ecclesiastes. It consists of 12 chapters. The title (Chapter 1, Verse 1) reads "The words of the Ecclesiastes, King of Jerusalem," implying that the author was King Solomon, but in fact, the terminology and ideas suggest that it was written around the 3rd century BC. The book begins with "vanity of vanities, vanity of vanities, all is vanity," and talks about the futility of all human effort, the meaninglessness of life, and the absurdity of the real world. Here we see a strong criticism of the traditional retributive view of life. At the same time, the book teaches that humans, who have been given the "thought of eternity," should not cling to this reality, but also not run away from it, and should enjoy life modestly according to their own lot, fearing the "hidden God." Therefore, it is not correct to simply summarize the ideas in this book as skepticism, pessimism, or conversely, hedonism.

Scholars have pointed out various literary and philosophical influences on the book from Greece, Egypt, Babylonia, and other sources, but the issue of the book's formal and content unity remains open to debate.

[Tsukimoto Akio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

『旧約聖書』中の一書。「伝道者の書」ともいう。全12章。表題(1章1節)には「エルサレムの王伝道者(コーヘレト)のことば」とあり、著者がソロモン王であることを暗示するが、実際には、用語や思想内容から、紀元前3世紀ごろの作とみられる。本書は「空(くう)の空、空の空、いっさいは空」に始まり、あらゆる人間の努力の無益さと人生の無意味さ、さらに現実世界の不条理なることを語る。ここに、伝統的な応報的人生観に対する強烈な批判がみられる。と同時に本書は、「永遠への想(おも)い」を与えられている人間が、このような現実に執着せず、しかしまたそこから逃避するのでもなく、「隠れた神」を畏(おそ)れつつ、おのおのの分に応じてつつましく生を享受すべきことを説く。したがって、本書の思想を懐疑主義とか悲観主義、あるいは逆に快楽主義と、一義的に要約するのは正しくない。

 研究者によって、ギリシア、エジプト、バビロニアなどからの本書への文学的、思想的影響が種々に指摘されてきているが、本書の形式的、内容的統一性の問題は、なお議論の余地を残している。

[月本昭男]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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