Daishin-in (Great Court of Appeal)

Japanese: 大審院 - だいしんいん
Daishin-in (Great Court of Appeal)

It was established in 1875 (Meiji 8) as the highest judicial court to hear civil and criminal appeals, to overturn illegal decisions made by the higher courts and below, and to unify the national constitution, and existed until the new constitution came into effect. It mainly heard appeals (appeals and appeals against decisions made by the Court of Appeals and the District Court as the second instance of the court, as the final instance of the court, and preliminary examinations and trials of crimes under Article 73 (deleted in 1947) and Article 75 (deleted in 1947) of the Penal Code, which relate to crimes against the Imperial Family, and Articles 77 to 79, which relate to civil war, as the first and final instance of the court. There were several civil and criminal divisions, and each division was tried by a panel of five judges, and depending on the nature of the case, the civil division or the criminal division, or both the civil and criminal divisions, tried cases jointly. The Daishin'in corresponds to the present-day Supreme Court, but while the Supreme Court has the power to supervise judicial administration, the power to make rules, and the power to review unconstitutional legislation, the Daishin'in did not have these powers. There are records of Daishin'in decisions up to 1921 (Taisho 10) and a collection of Daishin'in precedents from 1922 onwards.

[Ichiro Uchida]

[Reference item] | Supreme Court
The Supreme Court
The office was located in Nishi-Hibiya-cho, Kojimachi-ku (currently Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo). "Tokyo Prefecture Famous Places Illustrations" (1912, Meiji 45) National Diet Library

The Supreme Court


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1875年(明治8)に、民事・刑事の上告を受け上等裁判所以下の審判の不法なるものを破毀(はき)して全国法憲の統一を主持するところとして創設され、新憲法が施行されるまで存続した最高の司法裁判所をいう。主として、終審として、控訴院の裁判および地方裁判所が第二審としてなした裁判に対する上訴(上告・抗告)の審判、および第一審にして終審として、皇室に対する罪に関する刑法第73条(1947年削除)および第75条(同前)、内乱に関する第77条ないし第79条の罪の予審および裁判を行った。若干の民事部・刑事部が設けられ、各部では5人の判事からなる合議体が審判を行い、事件の性質によっては、民事の総部もしくは刑事の総部または民事および刑事の総部を聯合(れんごう)して審判を行った。大審院は現在の最高裁判所に相当するが、最高裁判所が司法行政監督権、規則制定権、違憲立法審査権をもつのに対し、大審院はこれらの権限をもたなかった。1921年(大正10)までの大審院判決録、1922年以後の大審院判例集がある。

[内田一郎]

[参照項目] | 最高裁判所
大審院
麹町区西日比谷町(現在の東京都千代田区霞が関)にあった庁舎。『東京府名勝図絵』(1912年〈明治45〉)国立国会図書館所蔵">

大審院


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Macroevolution - Daishinka (English spelling) macroevolution

>>:  Da-qing yi-tong-zhi; Ta-ch`ing it`ung-chih

Recommend

Aochi Shien

...Dutch scholar and doctor of the Edo period. So...

Ando Tameaki

A Japanese scholar of the mid-Edo period. His fir...

Solar power generation - solar thermal power generation

This is a power generation method that efficientl...

American dunegrass (Hama-ninniku) - American dunegrass

A large perennial grass (illustration) that grows ...

Dominion - Jichiryo (English spelling)

Originally, it was a name given to the powerful co...

International Covenants on Human Rights

An international treaty that stipulates the inter...

Herod

King of the Jews (reigned 37-4 BC). Commonly known...

Culshaw, J.

...Here, sound field effects were added to emphas...

Eucalyptus deglupta (English spelling) Eucalyptusdeglupta

… [Ken Ogata]. . … *Some of the terminology that ...

Golden Hour

Golden hour is a time when the entertainment progr...

Wei Zifu

…A native of Pingyang (Linfen County, Shanxi Prov...

Carval, J. - Carval

...However, in terms of visual arts, not many not...

Oudry, Jean-Baptiste

Born: March 17, 1686 in Paris [Died] April 30, 175...

Koto River

A river that flows north through central Kagawa P...

Kulōttuṅga I (English spelling)

...A dynasty that ruled the Deccan region of Indi...