It is a field of study that studies the structure and interrelationships of biological tissues. Because tissues are composed of cells and the substances between them, the subject of histology necessarily goes down to the cellular level. However, while cytology places emphasis on the study of the internal structure and function of cells, histology deals with tissues as groups of cells, and the study of organs made up of tissues is also an important theme. Observation of tissue sections using an optical microscope remains the most basic method, but the recent development of transmission and scanning electron microscopes is bringing about major advances in histology. Histochemical techniques, including autoradiography and immunohistochemistry, are also effective methods for investigating the distribution of specific biological substances within tissues. Phase contrast microscopes and differential interference contrast microscopes are used to observe living tissues. Historically, histology developed with the invention of the microscope, and has since made great strides with successive improvements in the methods of preparing microscopic specimens (fixation methods, staining methods, and sectioning techniques). Currently, animal tissues are broadly classified into epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and migratory cell tissue, while plant tissues are classified into the epidermis, vascular system, and ground tissue system, or into the epidermis, cortex, and stylus. [Sadao Yasugi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生物組織の構造と相互関係を研究する学問をいう。組織は細胞と細胞間物質によって構成されるので、組織学の対象も必然的に細胞のレベルまで下がるが、細胞学が細胞の内部構造や機能の研究に重点を置くのに対して、組織学はむしろ細胞集団としての組織を扱い、また組織によって成り立つ器官の研究も重要なテーマである。 方法としては光学顕微鏡による組織切片の観察が現在においてももっとも基本的であるが、近年の透過型および走査型電子顕微鏡の発達は、組織学の大きな発展をもたらしつつある。またオートラジオグラフィー、免疫組織化学などを含む組織化学の技術も、主として組織内の特定の生体物質の分布を調べるのに有効な方法である。生きたままの組織を観察するためには位相差顕微鏡や微分干渉顕微鏡が用いられる。歴史的にみると、組織学は顕微鏡の発明とともに発達し、その後は相次ぐ顕微鏡標本作製法の改良(固定法、染色法、薄切(はくせつ)技術)によって飛躍的に進歩した。 現在では、動物組織は上皮組織、結合組織、筋肉組織、神経組織、遊走細胞組織に大別され、植物組織は表皮系、維管束系、基本組織系に分類されたり、あるいは表皮、皮層、中心柱に分類されたりする。 [八杉貞雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Organization chart - Soshikizu (English spelling) organization chart
>>: Organizational development
A bird of the Anseriformes class, family Pycnonot...
A Roman colony founded in what is now Algiers. Sou...
...Nicole Oresme, who became Bishop of Lisieux, w...
… [Shojiro Asahina]. … *Some of the terminology t...
It is a general term for fish in the Scombridae fa...
…In 1754, he served in the colonial wars as a lie...
Year of death: September 4, 1850 (October 9, 1850)...
1523‐71 He was the bishop of the Czech Brethren an...
…a term used as a translation of the English word...
Haikai Senshu (Collection of Haikai Poems). Two v...
A regional brand of the Kinki region, Hyogo prefec...
…Although he basically accepts the views of E. Ma...
Metamorphism that occurs with increasing temperatu...
...It was funded by B. Crespi Textiles. It was a ...
A city on the Danube River in northwestern Bulgar...