Seeckt - Hans von Seeckt

German military officer. During World War I, he served as a staff officer on the Eastern, Balkan, and Turkish fronts. In 1920, he became Chief of the Army General Staff and rebuilt the new Wehrmacht with 100,000 troops. He not only provided thorough training for commanders, but also placed emphasis on mobile warfare, and conducted training in tanks and aircraft, which were banned by the Treaty of Versailles, through military cooperation with the Soviet Union, in preparation for future military expansion. He also advocated political neutrality, which meant preserving royalist and nationalist traditions. He himself did not like parliamentary democracy, and while he was ambiguous about right-wing coup attempts such as the Kapp Putsch and the Hitler Putsch, he took firm action against the left-wing governments of Saxony and Thuringia in 1923. In 1926, he resigned as Chief of the Army General Staff after deepening conflict with Defense Minister Gessler over the participation of the former crown prince's eldest son in military exercises. From 1930 to 1932, he was a member of the German parliament for the capitalist party German People's Party, and was involved in the formation of the Harzburg Front, which brought together right-wing forces such as the National People's Party, the Nazi Party, and the Steel Helmet League. From 1934 to 1935, he served as a military advisor to Chiang Kai-shek, working to develop the Chinese Nationalist army.

[Teruo Yoshida]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ドイツの軍人。第一次世界大戦では参謀将校として東部戦線、バルカン戦線、トルコ戦線で活躍。1920年陸軍統帥部長官となり、兵力10万の新国防軍を再建した。ここでは指揮官としての教育を徹底しただけでなく、機動戦を重視し、ソ連との軍事協力によってベルサイユ条約で禁止された戦車や航空機の訓練を行い、将来の軍備拡大に備えた。また政治的中立を標榜(ひょうぼう)したが、これは王朝主義的、国粋主義的伝統の温存を意味した。彼自身議会制民主主義を好まず、カップ一揆(いっき)、ヒトラー一揆など右翼クーデターの試みにはあいまいな態度を示しながら、1923年のザクセンとチューリンゲンの左翼政権には断固たる行動をとったからである。1926年、元皇太子の長男の軍事演習参加をめぐって国防相ゲスラーとの対立を深め、長官を辞任した。1930～1932年、資本家の政党ドイツ人民党の国会議員となり、国家人民党、ナチス党、鉄兜(てつかぶと)団などの右翼勢力を結集したハルツブルク戦線の結成に関与した。1934～1935年、蒋介石(しょうかいせき)の軍事顧問として中国国民党軍の育成に努めた。

［吉田輝夫］

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