Celtic Church - Celtic Church

Japanese: ケルト教会 - ケルトきょうかい（英語表記）Celtic Church

A general term for the early Christian church, mainly composed of Celts who lived in the British Isles and Brittany. Christianity was introduced to this area by the 3rd century at the latest with the Roman legions and colonists, and by the 4th century it had grown to the point of sending representatives to church councils. It had close ties with other Western churches, and was orthodox and Catholic in both education and practice. It was characterized by a strong evangelical spirit, a strong emphasis on learning, and the production of unique art, without a bishopric system, and was notable for its lack of a bishopric system, with monasteries at the center of church life. In the mid-5th century, the Saxon invasion caused the church system to collapse, and believers were isolated in the southwest, Wales, northern Britain, and Ireland, and were cut off from contact with Rome. In 597, Augustine of Canterbury and others spread the gospel again from Rome, but this created a barrier between the newly arrived Christians, and the Celtic Church developed independently, with two churches existing side by side. The two sides came to an agreement at the Synod of Whitby in 663 or 664, but the Celtic Church survived until the Norman Conquest in the 11th century and the church reforms carried out by the Norman kings.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ブリティシュ諸島とブルターニュに在住したケルト人を主体とする初期キリスト教会の総称。この地のキリスト教は，ローマ軍団や植民者とともに遅くとも 3世紀までに伝来，4世紀には教会会議へ代表を送るまでに成長。他の西方教会との関係も密で，教養，実践ともに正統的，カトリック的であった。司教区制をとらず修道院が教会生活の中心をなし，福音精神旺盛で，学問を重んじ，独特の芸術を生み出したことなどが特徴。5世紀半ばサクソン人（ザクセン人）の侵入により，教会制度は崩壊，信徒は南西部，ウェールズ，北ブリテン，アイルランドなどで孤立，ローマとの接触も絶たれた。597年カンタベリーのアウグスチヌスらがローマから再び福音を伝えたが，新来のキリスト教との間に障壁を生じ，2教会併立の観を呈し，ケルト教会は独自の発達をみた。663年または 664年のホイットビー宗教会議で両者は一致したが，ケルト的教会は 11世紀のノルマン人の征服（→ノルマン・コンクェスト）とノルマン王による教会改革まで残存した。

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