A "literary revolution" movement by a group of German radical writers who were shocked by the July Revolution in France (1830). They are also called "Young Germany". The name comes from the dedication of Wienbalg at the beginning of "The Conquest of Aesthetics" (1834), "Dedicated not to old Germany, but to young Germany". They were divided into the Right Bank of the Rhine group (L. Wienbalg, K. Gutzkow, etc.) and the Berlin group (H. Laube, T. Mundt, G. Kühne, etc.) according to the influence of Saint-Simonianism and Hegelian philosophy. Although their movement was annihilated by the total ban by the German Bundestag in December 1835, the fact that their movement brought about a considerable breath of fresh air in the German spiritual world after the July Revolution has been underestimated until now. Heine's "end of the age of art" was a common consciousness of the times, and without it, their "literature of action", which was contrasted with Goethe's "literature of restoration", cannot be understood. "Our literary revolution began through criticism," is a famous line of Gutkow. From this standpoint, they engaged in vigorous critical activity on themes such as religious freedom, women's liberation, and civil equality for Jews (Deutsche Rechtsschrift, which ended up as a futile magazine, was supposed to be a grand experiment in this regard). It is significant that they developed "literary criticism" into the most important genre in the period leading up to the German March Revolution (1848). [Mutsumi Hayashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス七月革命(1830)から衝撃を受けたドイツの急進的作家グループによる「文学革命」運動。「若きドイツ」ともいう。その名は、『美学征伐』(1834)の巻頭に書かれたウィーンバルクの「老いたドイツではなく、若きドイツに捧(ささ)げる」とした献辞に由来する。彼らはサン・シモン主義やヘーゲル哲学の影響関係に応じて、ライン右岸グループ(L・ウィーンバルク、K・グツコーら)とベルリン・グループ(H・ラウベ、T・ムント、G・キューネら)に分かれる。1835年12月の、ドイツ連邦議会による全面的禁止令により壊滅するが、彼らの運動が七月革命後のドイツの精神界に少なからぬ新風を巻き起こした事実は、これまで過小に評価されてきた。ハイネのいう「芸術時代の終焉(しゅうえん)」は彼らに共通した時代意識であり、それを抜きにして、ゲーテの「復古の文学」に対置する彼らの「行動の文学」は理解できない。「われわれの文学革命は批評を通じて始まった」とはグツコーの有名なことばである。そして彼らは、そのような立場から、宗教的自由、女性の解放、ユダヤ人の市民的平等などをテーマとする活発な批評活動を展開する(幻の雑誌に終わった『ドイツ評論』は、そのための壮大な実験になるはずであった)。彼らが「文学的批評」を、ドイツ三月革命(1848)前期におけるもっとも重要なジャンルに発展させた意義は大きい。 [林 睦實] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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