Fiction of malice - fiction of malice

...Registered matters cannot be asserted against a third party in good faith until they have been registered and publicly announced (as mentioned above, if there is registration, it is deemed that there has also been public notice). If there is registration and public notice, the third party is naturally deemed to know the facts (fiction of bad faith), so it can be asserted against a third party in good faith who does not know the facts of the registered matters. However, even after registration and public notice, if a third party is unable to know them due to a legitimate reason (objective obstacles such as traffic obstruction or failure to receive the official gazette, not including subjective reasons such as travel or illness), there is no fiction of bad faith, and the matter cannot be asserted against the third party (Article 12). ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to the "fiction of malice" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…登記すべき事項については登記および公告(前述のごとく登記があれば公告もあったとみなされる)の後でなければ，その事項について善意の第三者に対抗することができない。登記および公告があれば第三者は当然その事実を知っているものとみなされるから(悪意の擬制)，登記事項の事実を知らない善意の第三者に対しても対抗できる。しかし，登記･公告後でも第三者が正当な事由(交通杜絶，官報の不到達などの客観的障害をいい，旅行，病気などの主観的事由は含まない)によりそれを知ることができないときには悪意の擬制はなされず，その第三者に対抗することはできない(12条)。…

※「悪意の擬制」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報