A port city in northeastern Egypt. It is located at the southern end of the Suez Canal, at the entrance to the Red Sea. It has a population of 417,527 (1996). It has flourished as a key location connecting the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea and the Nile region since ancient times, and since the 7th century it has been the departure point for pilgrims to Mecca. It declined for a time with the development of the Cape of Good Hope route, but in the 19th century, Britain built a railway connecting it to Cairo as a base for trade with India, and it developed as a port city with the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869. In recent years, with the development of the coast of the Gulf of Suez and offshore oil fields, it has become a distribution center for domestic oil, and is developing as an industrial city with the construction of thermal power plants, oil refineries, chemical fertilizers, textile factories, etc. A pipeline runs to Cairo. The city consists of the mainland and Port Tawfik, which is located on an island built with soil from the construction of the canal, and the two are connected by a 2.7-kilometer-long embankment with a railway and road running between them. The observation deck on Port Tawfik's Canal Street offers a panoramic view of the Suez Canal. There is a museum with artefacts from ancient times to the Arab era. [Hiroshi Fujii] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
エジプト北東部の港湾都市。スエズ運河南端、紅海側入口に位置する。人口41万7527(1996)。古くから紅海と地中海やナイル地方とを結ぶ要地として栄え、7世紀以降はメッカへの巡礼団の出航地ともなった。喜望峰航路の発展で一時衰えたが、19世紀イギリスがここをインド貿易の拠点としてカイロと結ぶ鉄道を建設し、1869年スエズ運河の完成により港湾都市として発展した。近年スエズ湾沿岸や海底油田の開発で国産石油の集散地となり、火力発電所や石油精製、化学肥料、繊維などの工場建設が進み、工業都市として発展している。カイロへはパイプラインが通じている。市街は本土側と、運河建設の際の土砂で築かれた島にあるポート・タウフィクとからなり、両者は長さ2.7キロメートルの鉄道・道路の走る堤防で結ばれている。ポート・タウフィクの運河通りの展望台からスエズ運河が一望できる。古代からアラブ時代までの遺物を所蔵する博物館がある。 [藤井宏志] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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