Elements for expressing the state of motion of celestial bodies. The orbital state of planets in the solar system is determined by six elements: (1) the eccentricity of the conic section that forms the orbit, (2) the length of its semimajor axis, (3) the orbital inclination (the angle between the orbital plane and the ecliptic plane), (4) the ecliptic longitude of the ascending node, (5) the longitude of the perihelion, and (6) the time of the perihelion passage. In a general star system, if the mass of the central star is unknown, the position and velocity of any planet at any time can be calculated by adding (7) the orbital period. In the case of a visible binary star, the celestial plane is used instead of the ecliptic plane, and the orbital elements are determined in the same way. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
天体の運動の状態を表わすための要素。太陽系の惑星の公転状況は,(1) 軌道となる円錐曲線の離心率,(2) その半長軸の長さ,(3) 軌道傾斜 (軌道面と黄道面との間の角) ,(4) 昇交点の黄経,(5) 近日点の経度,(6) 近日点通過の時刻,の6要素によって決る。一般の星系で,中心星の質量が不明の場合は,(7) 公転周期,を加えることで任意の惑星の任意の時刻における位置および速度が算出できる。実視連星の場合は,黄道面に代えて天時面を用い,同様にして軌道要素が定められる。
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