Birthing house - Ubuya

Japanese: 産屋 - うぶや
Birthing house - Ubuya

A hut or room where a new mother stays in a separate fire during and after childbirth. In addition to being called ubuya, it is also called obiya or obuya, and in ancient times, a new hut was built for childbirth. Even today in Sado, Niigata Prefecture, "obiya (or koya) tatta" means that a woman has given birth, and "a cat has given birth" means that a cat has given birth. The history of birthing houses is thought to date back to the Kojiki and Nihonshoki periods, but because the taboo surrounding childbirth was a major concern in social life, the custom of birthing houses remained in areas where the idea of ​​taboo was strong.

For example, in places where people make their living from fishing, or in areas where strict purification rituals must be observed for Shinto rituals (such as areas of the parishioners of historic shrines), the tradition of birthing houses still remains. Recently, especially after the Second World War, the idea of ​​taboo around childbirth has rapidly declined, so not only are birthing houses built, but also separate birthing houses are no longer heard of, but in some regions they remain under the concept of maternity hospitals. Even today, when a childbirth occurs at home, a room is set aside as the birthing room, and in most cases the mother is not allowed to leave the room for 21 days. During that time, the use of fire or water is not permitted, but with changes in society, this can no longer be tolerated, and the reality is that in places like these, the folk custom of birthing houses based on the idea of ​​taboo is on the verge of disappearing.

[Hisako Maruyama]

[Reference] | Childbirth

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

出産および産後のある期間、産婦が別火(べっか)の生活をするためにこもる小屋、または部屋。ウブヤというほか、オビヤ、オブヤなどともいい、古代には出産にあたって新しく小屋を建てたという。新潟県の佐渡ではいまでも「オビヤ(またはコヤ)たった」といえば、お産をしたということで、「猫がオビヤたった」といえば猫がお産をしたということである。産屋の歴史は記紀の時代までさかのぼって考えられるが、産の忌みということは社会生活上重大な関心事であったことから、地方として忌みの観念の強い所では、のちのちまで産屋の習わしが残った。

 たとえば漁を生業とする所、神事に対して厳しい潔斎を守らなくてはならない土地(たとえば由緒ある神社の氏子の地域)などには、現在でも産屋の伝承は残っている。最近、とくに第二次世界大戦後は産の忌みの観念が急激に衰退したため、産屋を建てる例はもちろん、別棟の産屋の例も聞かれなくなったが、一部の地方には産院という別の観念で残っている所もある。現在もなお、家庭で出産する場合には、一室を産室にあてて、多くは21日間産婦はそこから出ることを許されていない。その間、火を使うことも、水を使うことも許されないが、社会の変遷でそんなことをいっていられないというのが実情となって、こういうところから忌みの観念に基づく産屋の民俗は消えようとしている。

[丸山久子]

[参照項目] | 出産

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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