Dubbing

Japanese: アフレコ
Dubbing
This is the abbreviation of the Japanese-English term "after-recording," which refers to recording sound and dialogue to match the images after filming. The opposite is simultaneous recording. The original English term would be "post recording" if it only meant recording after filming, but if it means recording new sounds in sync with the images after filming and editing are complete, it is called "post synchronization." The Japanese term "dubbing" is closer to this. However, this term is often used for dialogue, and the recording of music after editing is called "post scoring." Also, the process of recording various sounds and integrating them with the images after filming to reconstruct the whole is called "dubbing." Post-synchronization was introduced as a film technique in 1932. This not only made it possible to film in locations where it was difficult to record, and to correct insufficient recordings, but also made it possible to use the voices of professional singers when actors were singing, and to dub the dialogue of foreign films into the language of the country where they were being screened (called "audreko" in Japan), and had a significant impact on film production.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
撮影後,映像に合わせて音やせりふを録音することで,和製英語「アフター・レコーディング」の略。反対は同時録音。本来の英語は,撮影後録音するということだけならポスト・レコーディング post recordingで済むが,撮影と編集が終わった段階で,画像に同調させて新しい音を録音するという意味合いなら,ポスト・シンクロナイゼーション post synchronizationという。日本語のアフレコはむしろこれに近い。ただしこの用語は,せりふの場合に用いられることが多く,編集後の音楽録音は別にポスト・スコアリング post scoringという。また,さまざまな音を録音しておき,撮影後に画像と統合して全体を再構成する手続きはダビング dubbingと呼ぶ。ポスト・シンクロナイゼーションが,映画技術として導入されたのは 1932年から。これによって,録音しにくい場所での撮影や,不十分な録音の修正が可能になったばかりでなく,俳優が歌う場面でプロ歌手の声を流したり,外国映画のせりふを上映国の言語に吹き替え (日本でいう「アテレコ」) たりすることもできるようになり,映画製作に少なからぬ影響を及ぼした。

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