Industrial promotion - Shokusan Kogyo

Japanese: 殖産興業 - しょくさんこうぎょう

In the early Meiji period, in order to counter external pressure from advanced capitalist countries, this was a policy that aimed to protect and foster capitalist production methods by transplanting modern industrial technology. In the early days, the policy was centered on the creation of government-run businesses such as railroads, telegraphs, mining, and shipbuilding, the construction of model factories for spinning and silk-reeling, and the creation of government-run facilities for livestock farming, agriculture, and forestry. However, after 1875, the focus shifted to various subsidies for private businesses and the issuance of capital funds to promote industry, promoting the formation of modern industry. These government-run businesses were subsequently sold off at low prices to politically-controlled merchants (such as Asano, Iwasaki, Mitsui, and Furukawa) following the General Provisions for Factory Transfer in 1880 and the abolition of the Ministry of Public Works in 1885, which led to the formation of zaibatsu.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

明治初期において，先進資本主義諸国の外圧に対抗するため，近代産業技術を移植して資本主義的生産方法を保護育成しようとした政策。初期には鉄道，電信，鉱山，造船などの官営事業の創設，紡績，製糸などの模範工場の建設，さらには牧畜，農林業などの官営諸施設の創設などを中心に行われたが，1875年以降は，私企業への各種補助金，勧業資本金の交付などに重点を移していき，近代産業の形成を促進した。これら官営事業は，その後 80年の工場払下概則および 85年の工部省の廃止によって政商 (浅野，岩崎，三井，古河など) に廉価で払下げられ，財閥形成の原因ともなった。

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