...The relationship between the eyaret and the central government was not uniform throughout the country. Basically, there are two types of regions: those that were directly controlled by the central government under the timar system (Anatolia, the Balkans, and parts of historical Syria), and those that were indirectly controlled by the central government through the payment of tributes, such as through beylerbeys, kapdan pashas (admirals), or indigenous rulers (such as the Sharifs of Mecca, the Turkish and Kurdish nomadic chiefs of eastern Anatolia, and the princes of Wallachia and Moldova), and maintained their existing social structures. Under the timar system, all land was state-owned (miri), and the control of the peasants by the sipahis, who held military fiefs, was precisely regulated by the kanun. In addition, in the case of non-Muslim ethnic groups, the internal autonomy of each religious community (such as the Greek Orthodox Church, the Serbian Church, the Bulgarian Church, the Armenian Church, and the Jewish Church) was permitted (the millet system). *Some of the terminology that mentions "miri" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…また,エヤーレトと中央政府との関係は全国一律ではなく,基本的には,ティマール制が適用されて中央政府の直接支配を受けた地域(アナトリア,バルカン,歴史的シリアの一部)と,エジプト,メソポタミア,アラビア半島,北アフリカのようにベイレルベイ,カプダン・パシャ(提督)あるいは土着の支配者(メッカのシャリーフ,東部アナトリアのトルコ系・クルド系遊牧民族長,ワラキア・モルドバの君侯など)を通じて,貢納金を支払うなどの間接的支配を受けるにとどまり,既存の社会組織をそのまま維持した地域とに分けられる。ティマール制のもとでは土地はすべて国有地(ミーリーmiri)とされ,軍事封土の保有者シパーヒーによる農民支配は,カーヌーンによって細かく規定されていた。また,非ムスリム諸民族の場合は,それぞれが属する宗教的共同体(ギリシア正教会,セルビア教会,ブルガリア教会,アルメニア教会,ユダヤ教会など)ごとの内部自治を認められた(ミッレト制)。… ※「miri」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
>>: Mirghani (English spelling)
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