Shugouke - Protective Order

During the Muromachi period, this referred to a tax contract whereby manor lords entrusted the management of their manors to shugo and shugodai, and paid a fixed amount of annual tax as ukeryo regardless of the year's harvest. After the Nanboku-cho Civil War, as shugo became regional feudal lords, manor lords found it difficult to maintain their manors without relying on the power of the shugo, and as the jito and kokujin class who had been the previous contractors became vassals of the shugo, they had no choice but to enter into contracts with the shugo. At first, this was established through contracts, but the shugo, who became more aggressive in their invasion of manors, used military force to force the ukesho. The same situation was true in the kokuga territories, where contracts were often not carried out, and the shugo's control expanded through shugouke, which helped to form the shugo territories.

[Motohisa Yasuda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

室町時代、荘園(しょうえん)領主が守護・守護代に荘園管理を一任、毎年の豊凶にかかわらず一定の年貢を請料(うけりょう)として進納させた年貢請負(うけおい)をいう。南北朝内乱以降、守護の地域的封建領主化に伴い、荘園領主は守護の力に依存しなければ荘園を保持することが困難となり、また従来の請負人である地頭・国人層が守護の被官となっていったため、守護と請負契約を結ばざるをえなかった。初めは契約によって成立していたが、荘園侵略を積極化する守護は、武力を背景にして請所(うけしょ)を強要した。こうした事情は国衙(こくが)領においても同様で、請負契約は実行されないことが多く、守護請を通して守護の支配が拡大し、守護領国形成が助長されていった。

［安田元久］

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