Suika Shinto - Suika Shinto

Japanese: 垂加神道 - すいかしんとう
Suika Shinto - Suika Shinto

Shinto was advocated by Yamazaki Ansai and inherited by his disciples. Ansai is one of the leading figures in early modern Neo-Confucianism, but he also studied Shinto from an early age, learning in particular Ise Shinto from Deguchi Nobuyoshi (Watarai Nobuyoshi) and Onakatomi Nokiyonaga (Kawabe Norihisa), Yoshida Shinto from Yoshikawa Koretari, and Imbe Shinto from Iwade Tatewaki, and opened up his own unique realm by incorporating and discarding traditional Shinto. "Suika" is the sacred name given to the shrine by Yoshikawa Koretari, based on the words of a divine oracle handed down in the "Yamatohime no Mikoto Seiki" and other sources, "Kaminoshide puts prayers first, and Myoga puts honesty at the base." The scriptures it relies on are the "Nihon Shoki" Kamiyo-maki and Nakatomi no Harae, and it also reveres the five Shinto books, the "Kujihongi" and "Kogoshui." He said, "The way is the way of Ohirume no Muchi, and the teaching is the teaching of Sarutahiko no Kami," and he emphasized that the sacred tree is a "sun guardian tree" and that the rituals are ultimately prayers for the protection of the imperial line. He also said that "modesty (respect)" is the basis of all behavior, which is a natural reflection of Neo-Confucianism.

After Yamazaki Ansai's death, the center of the tradition was passed on to Ogimachi Kinmichi according to his will, but Kinmichi, with the help of his disciple Tamaki Issai, compiled the "Jijusho", which consists of two top-secret teachings on the Three Sacred Treasures and the Sacred Rock Border, by extracting from Ansai's main work, "Fusuisou". Issai compiled and compiled the various teachings of Suika Shinto and wrote the "Gyokusenshu". In addition to those mentioned above, other notable scholars of this school include Izumoji Nobunao, Nashiki Sukeyuki, Oyama Tameoki, Tani Shinzan, Wakabayashi Kyosai, Atobe Yoshiaki, and Tanigawa Kotosuga, but Suika Shinto was the greatest force in the Shinto world until the rise of National Learning.

[Shogo Tani]

[Reference] | Yamazaki Ansai

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

山崎闇斎(あんさい)が唱道し、その門流が継承した神道。闇斎は、近世朱子学を代表する一人であるが、同時に早くより神道を学び、とくに伊勢(いせ)神道を出口延佳(でぐちのぶよし)(度会延佳(わたらいのぶよし))と大中臣精長(おおなかとみのきよなが)(河辺精長)に、吉田神道を吉川惟足(よしかわこれたり)に、忌部(いんべ)神道を石出帯刀(いわでたてわき)に聞き、在来の神道を取捨・集成して独自の境地を開いた。「垂加」とは、『倭姫命世記(やまとひめのみことせいき)』などに伝わる「神垂(かみのしで)は祈祷(きとう)を以(もっ)て先(さき)と為(な)し、冥加(みょうが)は正直を以て本(もと)と為す」という神託の語からとって、吉川惟足より与えられた霊社号である。所依の経典は『日本書紀』神代巻と中臣祓(なかとみのはらえ)で、神道五部書、『旧事本紀(くじほんぎ)』『古語拾遺』などをあわせて尊んだ。「道は則(すなは)ち大日孁貴(おほひるめのむち)の道、教は則ち猿田彦(さるたひこ)神の教なり」といい、神籬(ひもろぎ)は「日守木」であって、祭祀(さいし)は皇統守護の祈りに極まると力説する。また、「つつしみ(敬)」がいっさいの処し方の基本だとするが、そこには朱子学のおのずからな反映もみられる。

 山崎闇斎の没後、道統の中心は、遺言により正親町公通(おおぎまちきんみち)が受けたが、公通は、その門人玉木葦斎(いさい)の援助を得て、三種神宝および神籬磐境(いわさか)の二つの極秘伝をもって構成する『持授抄』を、闇斎の主著『風水草』から抜粋して編纂(へんさん)した。葦斎は、垂加神道の諸伝を整理・集成して『玉籤集(ぎょくせんしゅう)』を著している。この派の学者としては、上記のほか、出雲路信直(いずもじのぶなお)、梨木祐之(なしのきすけゆき)、大山為起(ためおき)、谷秦山(しんざん)、若林強斎(きょうさい)、跡部良顕(あとべよしあきら)、谷川士清(ことすが)などが注目されるが、垂加神道は、国学が台頭するまで、神道界最大の勢力であった。

[谷 省吾]

[参照項目] | 山崎闇斎

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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