Lankavatāra Sutra

Japanese: 楞伽経 - りょうがきょう
Lankavatāra Sutra

One of the Mahayana scriptures that was established in India in the latter half of the 4th century. It is also called the Lankāvatārasūtra. In Sanskrit, it is called the Lankāvatara-sūtra. The setting is the island of Lanka (Sri Lanka), and the story has a plot to teach the demon king Ravana there (a rip-off of the theme of the Indian epic poem Ramayana), hence the title (Entering Lanka). It claims to preach the doctrine of consciousness only based on the five laws, three natures, eight consciousnesses, and two non-selfs, but as a whole, it is based on the doctrine of emptiness, and in addition to preaching mind-only and the Tathagatagarbha, it also contains a variety of other teachings. As a scripture established in the later period, it is likely aimed at integrating the Mahayana. The doctrine is called "Buddha's Word Heart" (the essence of the Buddha's teachings) and emphasizes its attainment through self-awareness and wisdom. In later India, it was respected by both the Madhyamaka and Yogacara schools, and in Nepal it was counted as one of the nine great sutras and the Sanskrit version was handed down. In China, there are four volumes of the Lankāvatara-treasure Sutra (translated by Gunabadara) translated by Gunabadara, ten volumes of the Entering the Lankāvatara Sutra (translated by Wei) translated by Bodhiruci, and seven volumes of the Entering the Mahāyāna Lankāvatara Sutra (translated by Tang Dynasty) translated by Jissananda. Since the first translation was popularized by Bodhidharma, it has been respected in Zen Buddhism, and is also considered the source of the Mahāyāna Awakening of Faith Treatise on the Tathagatagarbha idea, and was also important in the Huayan sect. In Tibet, there are two types of translations: a retranslation of the four-volume version introduced via Dunhuang, and a translation from a Sanskrit version.

[Naomichi Takasaki August 19, 2016]

"The Lankavatāra Sutra" by Naomichi Takasaki (included in "Buddhist Scriptures Lecture Series 17", 1980, Daizo Shuppan)

[Reference item] |

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

インドで4世紀後半ごろ成立した大乗経典の一つ。『入(にゅう)楞伽経』ともいう。サンスクリット語でランカーバターラ・スートラLankāvatārasūtraという。舞台をランカー島(スリランカ)にとり、そこの魔王ラーバナを教化するという構想をもっている(これはインドの叙事詩『ラーマーヤナ』の主題を換骨奪胎したもの)ところからその題名(ランカーに入る)を得た。五法・三性(さんしょう)・八識(はっしき)・二無我(むが)によって唯識(ゆいしき)説を説くことを標榜(ひょうぼう)しているが、全体として空性(くうしょう)説に基づき、唯心(ゆいしん)、如来(にょらい)蔵を説くほか、種々の教説が雑多に述べられている。後期成立の経典として、大乗の総合を目ざしたものであろう。その教理を「仏語心」(仏の教えの心髄)と称し、自覚聖智(じかくしょうち)によるその体得を強調している。後代インドで、中観(ちゅうがん)、瑜伽行(ゆがぎょう)両派から尊重され、ネパールでは九種大経の一つに数えられて、梵(ぼん)本が伝承された。中国では、求那跋陀羅(ぐなばっだら)訳『楞伽阿跋多羅宝経(あばっだらほうきょう)』4巻(宋(そう)訳)ほか、菩提流支(ぼだいるし)訳『入楞伽経』10巻(魏(ぎ)訳)、実叉難陀(じっしゃなんだ)訳『大乗入楞伽経』7巻(唐訳)があるが、初訳が菩提達摩(ぼだいだるま)によって喧伝(けんでん)されて以後、禅宗で尊重され、また、如来蔵思想に関して『大乗起信論(だいじょうきしんろん)』の典拠とみなされ、華厳(けごん)宗でも重視された。チベットには敦煌(とんこう)を経て伝わった前記の四巻本からの重訳と、サンスクリット本からの訳の2種が存在する。

[高崎直道 2016年8月19日]

『高崎直道著『楞伽経』(『仏典講座17』所収・1980・大蔵出版)』

[参照項目] | 求那跋陀羅

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