Craft guild - Shukougyouguild (English spelling)

Japanese: 手工業ギルド - しゅこうぎょうギルド（英語表記）craft guild

A craftsman's guild formed within medieval European cities, and is often called a zunft in Germany. Most of them were formed in the 14th century to replace merchant guilds, when craftsmen of the same profession formed guilds based on the principle of monopoly on business externally and equality internally in order to protect their common interests. They were often formed for professions related to daily necessities, such as weavers' guilds, tailors' guilds, and shoemakers' guilds. A medieval industrial organization that included a hierarchical hierarchy of masters, craftsmen, and apprentices (apprenticeship system), it concentrated crafts in cities, controlled production, and suppressed crafts in rural areas.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

ヨーロッパ中世都市内部に形成された手工業者の同職組合，とくにドイツではツンフトとよばれることが多い。商人ギルドにかわって，多くは14世紀に，同じ職業の手工業者の親方がそれぞれ共同の利益を守るため，対外的には営業の独占，対内的には相互の平等を基本とした組合を結成したもの。織布工ギルド，仕立屋ギルド，靴工ギルドなど生活必需品にかかわる職業について形成されることが多かった。親方，職人，徒弟という階層序列(徒弟制度)を含む中世の産業組織であり，都市に手工業を集中して生産を統制し，農村の手工業を禁圧した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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