Specific tax/ad valorem tax

Japanese: 従量税・従価税 - じゅうりょうぜいじゅうかぜい
Specific tax/ad valorem tax
When taxing individual goods, commodity taxes are divided into two types depending on whether the tax base is based on the physical unit of the product or on its price. A specific tax is a tax levied in the form of a certain number of yen per kiloliter , as in the case of liquor tax and gasoline tax, or a certain number of yen per cigarette, as in the case of tobacco tax. An ad valorem tax is a tax in which the value expressed in the price of the taxed product is used as the tax base. Both types of taxes have advantages and disadvantages. In the case of a specific tax, the tax base is clear, there is little possibility of tax evasion in its assessment, and it is easy to secure tax revenue during a deflationary period.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
個別の商品に課税する場合に,課税標準を商品の物的単位にとるか,あるいはその価格にとるかによって,物品税は二つの種類にわかれる。従量税は,酒税とか揮発油税にみられるように,1kl当り何円という形とか,たばこ税の場合のように1本当り何円という形で課される税である。従価税は,課税される物品の価格で表された価値が課税標準としてとられる税である。両税とも長所と短所がある。従量税の場合には,課税標準が明確であり,その査定において脱税の可能性も低いうえに,デフレ期において税収を確保することが容易である。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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