A sect of the Shiite sect of Islam. It has the largest number of followers among Shiites, and has been the state religion of Iran since the Safavid dynasty, with followers in Iraq, Lebanon, and other countries. The name comes from the fact that it recognizes 12 people as Imams (leaders), starting with Ali (c. 600-661), who was the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad (Mahomet), and ending with Muhammad Mahdi. Since the last Imam suddenly went into hiding (ghaiba) in 874, it has been waiting for this "hidden Imam" to appear again and fill the world with justice and fairness. Until this second coming, jurists and theologians called Mujtahids have religious authority as representatives of the Imam. It developed a law and rational theology that differs from Sunni sects, such as temporary marriage and payment to the Imam, and also gave birth to its own mystical philosophy. [Shigeru Kamata] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イスラム教シーア派のなかの一派。シーア派のなかで最大の信者をもち、サファビー朝以来イランの国教とされ、そのほかイラク、レバノンなどに信者がいる。預言者ムハンマド(マホメット)の従兄弟(いとこ)かつ女婿(じょせい)のアリー(600ころ~661)に始まり、ムハンマド・マハディーに至る12人をイマーム(教主)と認めるところに、その名は由来する。最後のイマームが874年に突如人々から身を隠して(ガイバ)以来、この「隠れイマーム」がふたたび出現し、正義と公正で世界を満たすことを待ち続けている。この再臨に至るまでは、ムジュタヒドとよばれる法学者・神学者たちがイマームの名代として宗教上の権威をもつ。一時婚、イマームへの上納金など、スンニー派と異なる法学や合理主義的な神学を発展させ、また独自の神秘哲学を生んだ。 [鎌田 繁] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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