An autonomous region within the Republic of Serbia. It occupies the northern part of Serbia. Its capital is Novi Sad. It borders Croatia, Hungary, and Romania, and is made up of three districts: Srem in the southwest, Bačka in the center, and Banat in the east. It has an area of 21,506 square kilometers and a population of 2,031,992 (2002). Serbs make up 54% of the population, but there are also a variety of ethnic groups, including Hungarians (18%), Slovaks, Romanians, Germans, Bulgarians, Albanians, and Roma. Ethnic minorities have their own schools, newspapers, theaters, and cultural organizations. It is part of the Pannonian Plain, where the Danube and Tisa rivers join. The Tisa River basin is the lowest area of the Great Plain, so it is often flooded, but it is fertile. It is also blessed with a warm continental climate, and agriculture has developed further since the completion of the Danube-Tisa-Danube waterway. It produces wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, etc. In recent years, industry has also developed, and it is particularly known for the production of agricultural machinery, shipbuilding, motorcycles, and bicycles. [Tamura Ritsu] historyThe Southern Slavs began to settle here in the 7th century. In the 9th century, the Hungarians ruled the region. When the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) advanced into the Balkans, it became a border region between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire. At the end of the 17th century, Serbs who fled Turkish oppression immigrated to the region with the permission of the Habsburgs and engaged in border patrol and development. In the mid-18th century, many people left for Russia, refusing to convert to Catholicism or to join the Orthodox Church (a church that belonged to the Eastern Church but came to recognize the authority of the Pope), and then Germans and Hungarians came to live here, forming a mosaic of ethnic distribution. However, from 1713 to 1918, the Serbian Patriarchate was located in Sremski Karlovci (the town where the Treaty of Karlowitz was signed in 1699), and in the 19th century, a bourgeoisie was formed centered around Novi Sad, so it played an important role in modern Serbian culture and economy. In 1918, the Assembly of Vojvodina voted to join the new Yugoslavia and the region was unified. After World War II, it became an autonomous province of the Republic of Serbia, which was part of the former Yugoslavia, and in 1992 it became part of the new Yugoslavia (becoming "Serbia and Montenegro" in 2003). Since 2006, it has been an autonomous province of the Republic of Serbia, which became an independent state. [Tamura Ritsu] [References] | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
セルビア共和国内の一自治州。セルビアの北部を占める。州都はノビ・サド。クロアチア、ハンガリー、ルーマニアと国境を接し、南西部のスレム、中央部のバチュカ、東部のバナートの3地区からなる。面積2万1506平方キロメートル、人口203万1992(2002)。セルビア人が54%を占めるが、ほかにハンガリー人(18%)、スロバキア人、ルーマニア人、ドイツ人、ブルガリア人、アルバニア人、ロマなど多様な民族が住む。少数民族はそれぞれの学校、新聞、劇場、文化団体を有する。パンノニア大平原の一部をなし、ドナウ川とティサ川が合流する。ティサ川流域は大平原のもっとも低い地域であるためしばしば洪水にみまわれるが、肥沃(ひよく)である。また、温暖な大陸性気候にも恵まれ、ドナウ―ティサ―ドナウの水路完成によって農業はさらに発展した。麦、トウモロコシ、テンサイ、ヒマワリなどを産する。近年は工業も発達し、とくに農業機械や造船、オートバイや自転車の生産で知られる。 [田村 律] 歴史7世紀に南スラブ人が定住し始めた。9世紀にはハンガリー人がこの地方を統治。オスマン帝国(トルコ)がバルカンに進出すると、オスマン帝国とハプスブルク帝国との国境地方となる。17世紀の末トルコの圧政を逃れたセルビア人がハプスブルク家の許可を得てこの地に移住、国境警備と開発に従事した。18世紀なかば、カトリックへの改宗ないし東方帰一教会(東方教会に属していたがローマ教皇の権威を認めるようになった教会)を拒んで大勢がロシアへ去ったのち、ドイツ人、ハンガリー人らが来住し、モザイク状の民族分布をなすに至った。だが1713年から1918年までセルビア総主教座が同州のスレムスキ・カルロブツィSremski Karlovci(1699年にカルロウィッツ条約が締結された町)にあり、19世紀にはノビ・サドを中心にブルジョアジーが形成されたことから、セルビア近代の文化と経済に重要な役割を演じた。1918年ボイボディナ議会は新生ユーゴスラビアに加わることを決議し、統一された。第二次世界大戦後は旧ユーゴスラビアを構成したセルビア共和国の自治州となり、1992年新ユーゴスラビア(2003年に「セルビア・モンテネグロ」)に移行し、2006年からは独立国家となったセルビア共和国の一自治州である。 [田村 律] [参照項目] | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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