The energy required for one substance to dissociate into two or more substances. It is expressed in kJ for 1 mole and in eV for one molecule. If both the original and product substances are stable, it can be calculated directly by calorimetry, or indirectly by combining the heats of reaction of the related reactions using Hess's law. The dissociation energy of diatomic molecules (halogens, hydrogen, etc.) can be calculated accurately by correcting the excitation energy of the free atoms produced from the convergence limit wavelength of the absorption band spectroscopically. When polyatomic molecules or ions dissociate to produce short-lived free atoms, free radicals, or fragment ions, the dissociation energy can also be calculated by combining the heats of reaction (chemical reaction heat, ionization energy, appearance voltage, etc.) of the related processes, but due to the inaccuracy of the thermochemical values of free radicals and ions, the value is approximate. The dissociation energy that focuses on the breaking of one bond in a molecule is sometimes called bond dissociation energy. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
一つの物質が二つ以上の物質に解離するのに必要なエネルギー.1 mol については kJ,分子1個については eV 単位で表される.原物質および生成物質がともに安定な物質の場合は直接熱量測定,あるいは関連する諸反応の反応熱を組み合わせてヘスの法則から間接的に求められる.二原子分子(ハロゲン,水素など)の解離エネルギーは,分光学的に吸収帯の収れん限界波長から,生成する遊離原子の励起エネルギーの補正を行って,正確な値が求められる.多原子分子または多原子イオンが解離して短寿命の遊離原子,遊離基,または断片イオンを生じる場合も,関連した諸過程の反応熱(化学的反応熱,イオン化エネルギー,出現電圧など)を組み合わせて解離エネルギーが求められるが,遊離基やイオンの熱化学的数値の不正確さのため,その値は近似的である.一つの分子のなかの一つの結合の切断に着目した解離エネルギーを,結合解離エネルギー(bond dissociation energy)ということがある. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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