Moon

Japanese: 月 - つき

〘noun〙[1] The celestial body moon. Also, the thing or thing related to it. ① The celestial body closest to the Earth and its only satellite. With a radius of 1,738 km, it is composed of basaltic rock and has no atmosphere. It rotates on its axis every 27.32 days and orbits the Earth every 29.53 days, during which time it goes through phases of the moon, from new moon to first quarter moon to full moon to last quarter moon. Along with the sun, it is a celestial body close to humans, and calendars are made based on its movements, and it is also the subject of myths, legends, poetry, and more. In Japan, it is considered a representative of natural beauty, with phrases such as "flowers, birds, wind, and moon" and "snow, moon, and flowers," and is often used to refer to the autumn moon in particular. It is also called the moon in contrast to the sun. To set. To set. To see the moon. It can also refer to the satellite of a certain celestial body. →Additional note (2). Season: Autumn ※Man'yoshu (late 8th century) 1-8 "I was waiting for the moon to set sail to Mukada-tsu, but the tide has turned, so now I set sail." ② The god of ①. In Japanese mythology, it is Tsukiyomi -no-Mikoto . ③ The light of ①. Moonlight . Moonlight. ※Genji (around 1001-14), Akashi "The moon was pouring into the door of the cypress tree, and the door was pushed open just like the picture." ※Choshu Eimo (1178), Vol. 1 "The moon was clear, and hail fell on the ice, and the town of Tamagawa was heart-breaking." ④ (In the old days, it was believed to be related to the phases of ①) Menstruation. A touch of the moon. Something of the month. Monthly water. ※Kojiki (712), "The hem of the kimono you were wearing was standing out . " ⑤ The name of a fragrant wood. It is classified as aloeswood . The aroma is bitter, sweet and spicy. One of the 61 famous incense. *Takebe Takakatsu's incense notes (included in the secret teachings of incense) (1573) "The moon (tsuki) , the finest aloeswood, sounds so ancient and elegant and flowery." ⑥ Name of a crest. A design based on ①, or with various elements arranged around ①. Moon with stars, moon with daisies, half moon, crescent moon, moon in mist, cuckoo on moon, water on moon, etc. ⑦ (meaning "verse of the moon") A verse in renga or haikai that calls upon ① or ③. In the moon's fixed seat, it is the rule to call upon ① or ③. ※Haikai Kyoraisho (1702-04) historical facts: "Ushichi said, Do the Sho school use the darkness of the night as the moon?" ⑧ (A pun on the line in the Noh play Matsukaze: "The moon is one, the shadows are two. On a night of full tide, the moon is carried on a carriage.") A name indicating the rank of a lower-ranking prostitute , a hashijoro . In the early modern period, this referred to a prostitute who was offered one momme of money in Shinmachi, Osaka. Lower than shio (salt) and kage (shadow) . ※Ukiyo-zoshi Koshoku Mankintan (1694), vol. 5: "In Naniwa, even the hashijoro call themselves tide, shadow, and moon in a gentle way ." ⑨ The main monbi days in Yoshiwara in Edo, the fifteenth night of August and the thirteenth night of September. Also, the moon on those nights. The prostitutes work hard to attract many customers to watch the moon on this night. *Miscellaneous haiku, Yanagi Taru-30 (1804) "In front of the moon, my face is filled with happiness" ⑩ Abbreviation of the early modern confectionery "Monaka no tsuki (Monaka moon) ". *Miscellaneous haiku, Yanagi Taru-51 (1811) "In the confectionery shop, the moon is the morning sun" ⑪ A numerical code used by merchants. (I) (From the lunar eighth month, called Tsukimizuki ) Eight. (B) (Abbreviation of Tsukiyoko (Moonside). Used by innkeepers and entertainers) Four . [II] A unit of time, a calendar month. ① (I) The time it takes ① to go around the earth. Depending on the reference point, there are lunar lunar, equinox, sidereal, perigee, and nodal lunar. The lunar lunar is usually called the lunar lunar month. It is based on approximately 29.53 days. Since ancient times, there have been various calendar systems, and they are not all determined in the same way. In the lunar calendar, the long month is 30 days and the short month is 29 days, but the placement of the long and short months differs between the heliosac method and the chronological method. There are two types of lunar calendars, and the one that does not take into account harmony with the solar year is called a pure lunar calendar, or lunar calendar. The lunisolar calendar was widely used around the world, and it has leap months to harmonize with the solar year, making the year 13 months long. This was the old Japanese calendar. In the solar calendar, a solar year is divided into 12 parts to make one month, regardless of the lunar month. The system that is widely adopted around the world today is one in which the January, March, May, July, August, October, and December months are long months with 31 days, while the April, June, September, and November months are short months with 30 days, with February alone having 28 days in a normal year and 29 days in a leap year. A unit between years and days. Also, a single unit. Used after Japanese numerals such as "hito (one)," "futa (two)," and "mi (three)," and also in the past after "itsuka (one)," "nikaka (two)," and "sanka (three)." For example, "hitotsuki" and "sankatsuki (three months)." ※Kojiki (712) : "When the new year comes, the new capital year comes . " ※Santos no Onsaku (1591) 2: "KOUZUI Jǔiccatçuqino (JUUIKATSUKINO) AIDA SEKAI NI TATAETE"② (2) ① is assigned to a year, and each is given a unique number or name. ※Kojiki (712) 2: "In that month of that year, the Emperor's life is obeyed." ※Dosa ( around 935), Shohei 5th year, February 1st: "I lamented that it had come to this month."③ (2) Among ①, the period when the opportunity is ripe, such as the tenth month of pregnancy, the eighth month when pawned goods are handed down after a period of eight months, or the last month when mourning ends. The appropriate period for something to happen or to be done. ※Sanuki no Nyosi (around 1108), vol. 2: “It is strange that the imperial decree came before the moon to say, ‘I will give birth’” ※Haiku poem, Inukoshu (1633), vol. 9: “A person who has lost his wife in the early morning moon gave birth to a child that was not born (Keiyu)” ④ A memorial service for the deceased held on the anniversary of their death each month. ※Sanuki no Nyosi (around 1108), vol. 2: “When it became the third month, I visited the usual month” ⑤ An abbreviation of “tsuki ga koi (tsuki ga koi).” [Additional notes] (1) The moon was called various things in ancient times, in addition to “tsuki.” Tsuku, Tsukuyo, Tsukuyomi, Tsukuyomi man, Tsukihito, Tsukihito man, Sasarae man, Katsura man, Nonosama, Tsukishiro, Tsukiwa, Moon spirit, Geppaku , Moon shadow, Taiyin, Yin sect, Yin spirit, Gyoku wheel , Gyoku spirit, Gyoku plate, Moon rabbit , Gyoku rabbit, Yin rabbit, Jade toad, Toad, Toad palace , Toad cave , Toad rabbit, Keigetsu, Keirin, Keipaku, Keikutsu, Keichan, Kouga, Chang'e, Kouga/ Jouga , Koukyu , Chang's palace, etc.
(2) In modern times, the term also refers to a satellite associated with a planet other than Earth, and can refer to an artificial satellite, meaning an "artificial moon."

Gachigwachi [Moon]

〘noun〙① In the Edo period, this was a term used to refer to one of the ranks of hashijoro (female prostitutes) in Kamigata pleasure quarters. They were ranked below ushio and kage and were the highest rank of wake . The name is said to be based on the line in the Noh play "Matsukaze" (Matsukaze) : "tsuki wa hitotsu, kage wa futsu, mitsu shio" (three shios), as the fee for serving was one momme. A prostitute of a serious nature. One inch. ※Ukiyo-zoshi: Koshoku Yurai-sou (1692), vol. 1 "At the end, there are upper, middle and lower ranks, <omitted> sakishio is three momme, kage is two momme, and tsuki is one momme."② (adjective-verb) (One theory is that this word is a variation of " ganchi ." "Kawarachi" is an apocryphal character.) Not being familiar with the ways of the pleasure quarters and the human conditions. Country and unsophisticated. Also, that state. Unrefined. ※Hyōbanki/Nedemono (1656) 5 “Someone once said that when a man grows up in the moonlight , he quickly attains the status of water. What is this?” [Additional note] (Regarding ②) It is an abbreviation of “gachirin ” (moon ring) , and since a novice person is said to be coming out of the mountains, the moon is likened to coming out of the mountains, and the image of the beautiful woman, who is water (=iki), is reflected in her, and after being pushed around, she attains the status of iki (reviewed by Naniwa Gane).

Tsuku [Moon]

[1] Ancient dialect of the eastern part of Japan, meaning "tsuki (moon)". ① The moon of the heavens. ※Man'yoshu (late 8th century) 14:3395 "On the ridge of Ko-tsukuba , Tsuku stands, and many nights pass, so I sleep again." ② The moon of time. ※Man'yoshu (late 8th century) 20:4413 "I carry my sword at my waist, and my beloved back wraps around me, and I do not know how long Tsuku lasts." [2] [Lymphoem] Used before a noun to express the meaning of the moon. " Tsukuyo " (night of the moon), "Tsukuyomi" (night of the moon), etc. [Note] Examples of Tsuku alone are only found in the dialect of the eastern part of Japan during the Nara period. In the central language, Tsukuyo and Tsukuyomi (night of the moon) are used before nouns, and the Tsuku form may be older than Tsuki (Ki is of the Otsu type).

Gets [Moon]

[1] [Noun] One of the seven days of the week in Onmyodo. Also, it is an abbreviation of the second of the seven days of the week, "Monday." ※Natsume Soseki's Diary - Meiji 33 (1900) "Arrived in Nagasaki at midnight on the 10th day of September [Monday]" [2] [Suffix] ① A unit for counting the number of months in the calendar. Month. ... Month . ※Rodriguez's Great Japanese Grammar (1604-08) "Ichiguet (Ichigetsu) , Niguet (Nigetsu) " ② A word used to indicate the order of months in the calendar. Gatsu. ※Nihon Yomihon (1887)〈Shinbo Iwaji〉 1 "Now it is the 12th month."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙[一] 天体の月。また、それに関する物、事柄。① 地球にいちばん近い天体で、地球のただ一つの衛星。半径一七三八キロメートル、玄武岩質で組成され、大気はない。二七・三二日で自転しながら、約二九・五三日で地球を一周し、その間、新月・上弦・満月・下弦の順に満ち欠けする。太陽とともに人間に親しい天体で、その運行に基づいて暦が作られ、神話、伝説、詩歌などの素材ともされる。日本では「花鳥風月」「雪月花」などと、自然美の代表とされ、特に秋の月をさすことが多い。太陽に対して太陰ともいう。つく。つくよ。月輪。また、ある天体の衛星のこともいう。→補注(2)。《季・秋》※万葉（８Ｃ後）一・八「熟田津に船乗りせむと月待てば潮もかなひぬ今は漕ぎいでな」② ①の神。日本の神話では月夜見尊(つきよみのみこと)をいう。③ ①の光。月影(つきかげ)。月光。※源氏（1001‐14頃）明石「月入れたる槇の戸口けしきばかり押しあけたり」※長秋詠藻（1178）上「月冴ゆる氷のうへにあられ降り心くだくる玉川のさと」④ (古くは、それが①の満ち欠けに関係があると信じられたところから) 月経。月のさわり。月のもの。月水。※古事記（712）中「汝が著(け)せる襲(おすひ)の裾に都紀(ツキ)立ちにけり」⑤ 香木の名。分類は伽羅(きゃら)。香味は苦甘辛。六十一種名香の一つ。※建部隆勝香之筆記（香道秘伝所収）（1573）「月(ツキ)、上々伽羅、聞いかにも古くかろく花やかに御座候」⑥ 紋所の名。①をかたどり、また①に種々の物を配して図案化したもの。月に星、連子に月、半月、三日月、霞に月、月にほととぎす、月に水など。⑦ (「月の句」の意) 連歌、俳諧で、①や③をよんだ句。月の定座では、①や③の句をよむことが原則になっている。※俳諧・去来抄（1702‐04）故実「卯七曰く、蕉門に宵闇を月に用ひ侍るや」⑧ (「謡曲・松風」の「月は一つ、影は二つ満つ汐の夜の車に月を載せて」に拠ったしゃれ) 下級の遊女である端女郎(はしじょろう)の等級を表わす名。近世、大坂新町で、揚げ銭一匁のものをいう。塩(しお)、蔭(かげ)より下位。※浮世草子・好色万金丹（1694）五「難波にては、端の女郎も汐・影・月(ツキ)などやさしくいふに」⑨ 江戸の吉原の主要な紋日(もんび)で、八月十五夜と九月十三夜とをいう。また、その夜の月。この夜の月見に多くの客を寄せようと、遊女は苦心する。※雑俳・柳多留‐三〇（1804）「月の前かこち顔なるうれのこり」⑩ 近世の菓子「最中月(もなかのつき)」の略。※雑俳・柳多留‐五一（1811）「菓子屋には月女郎屋は朝日也」⑪ 商人が用いる数の符牒。(イ) (陰暦八月を月見月(つきみづき)というところから) 八。(ロ) (「つきよこ（月横）」の略。宿屋・芸人仲間が用いる) 四。[二] 時間の単位、暦法の月。① (一)①が地球を一周する時間。基準点の取り方によって朔望月(さくぼうげつ)・分点月・恒星月・近点月・交点月がある。ふつう一月と称するのは、朔望月。約二九・五三日を基準にしたものをいう。古来、種々の暦法があって、そのきめ方はひととおりでない。太陰暦では、大の月を三〇日、小の月を二九日とするが、大小の置き方は平朔法と実朔法とで異なる。太陰暦に二種あり、太陽年との調和を考慮しないものを純太陰暦、または太陰暦という。世界で広く用いられたのは太陰太陽暦で、太陽年との調和をはかるために閏月(うるうづき)を置き、その年は一三か月となる。日本の旧暦はこれであった。太陽暦では、朔望月とは無関係に一太陽年を一二分してひと月とする。今日世界で広く採用されているのは、一、三、五、七、八、一〇、一二月を大の月、三一日とし、四、六、九、一一月を小の月、三〇日とし、二月のみは平年二八日、閏年二九日とする法である。年と日との中間の単位。また、その一単位。「ひと（一）」「ふた（二）」「み（三）」などの和数詞につき、また古くは「いつか（一箇）」「にか（二箇）」「さんか（三箇）」などのあとにつけて用いる。「ひとつき」「さんかつき（三箇月）」など。※古事記（712）中「あらたまの年が来経(きふ)ればあらたまの都紀(ツキ)は来経(きへ)ゆく」※サントスの御作業（1591）二「コウズイ jǔiccatçuqino(ジュウイッカツキノ) アイダセカイニタタエテ」② (二)①を一年に配し、それぞれに固有の番号または名称を与えたもの。※古事記（712）下「其の年の其の月、天皇の命を被(かがふ)りて」※土左（935頃）承平五年二月一日「このつきまでなりぬることとなげきて」③ (二)①のうち、妊娠一〇か月目の産月(うみづき)、八か月を期限として質物の流れる八か月目、あるいは喪(も)の明ける最後の一か月などのように、機の熟する期間。あることが起こり、またはあることが行なわれるのに適当な期間。※讚岐典侍（1108頃）下「月も待たずぬげと宣旨くだるもあやし」※俳諧・犬子集（1633）九「あらいとおしやながさるる人有明の月にもたらぬ子を生て〈慶友〉」④ 毎月の忌日に行なう死者の供養。※讚岐典侍（1108頃）下「三月に成ぬれば、例の月に参りたれば」⑤ 「つきがこい（月囲）」の略。[補注](1)月は、「つき」のほか、古来さまざまに呼ばれた。つく、つくよ、つくよみ、つくよみおとこ、つきひと、つきひとおとこ、ささらえおとこ、かつらおとこ、ののさま、つきしろ、月輪、月霊、月魄(げっぱく)、月陰、太陰、陰宗、陰魄、玉輪、玉魄、玉盤、月兎(げっと)、玉兎、陰兎、玉蟾(ぎょくせん)、蟾蜍(せんじょ)、蟾宮、蟾窟(せんくつ)、蟾兎、桂月(けいげつ)、桂輪、桂魄、桂窟、桂蟾、姮娥(こうが)、嫦娥(こうが・じょうが)、姮宮(こうきゅう)、嫦宮(こうきゅう・じょうきゅう)など。
(2)現代では、地球以外の惑星(わくせい)に付随する衛星をもいい、「人工の月」の意で、人工衛星をさすこともある。

がちグヮチ【月】

〘名〙① 江戸時代、上方遊里で、端女郎(はしじょろう)の内の階級の一つにいう。汐、影の次位で分(わけ)の上位。揚げ代が一匁(もんめ)であったところから、謡曲「松風」の「月は一つ、影は二つ、三つ汐」によった称という。がちの女郎。一寸。※浮世草子・好色由来揃（1692）一「端(はし)に上中下あり、〈略〉先塩といふは三匁、陰といふは二匁、月といふは一匁」② (形動) (一説に「頑痴(がんち)」の変化した語とも。「瓦智」はあて字) 遊里の世態人情に通じていないこと。田舎くさく、あかぬけしないこと。また、そのさま。野暮。※評判記・寝物語（1656）五「或人の云、月(グヮチ)成男、はやく水(すい)に成事。是如何」[補注](②について) 月輪(がちりん)の下略で、初心の人を山だしというところから、山だしの月になぞらえ、水(すい)（=粋）である傾城にその面影を映して、もまれて後、粋に至る存在の意〔評・難波鉦〕からという。

つく【月】

[1] 「つき（月）」をいう、上代東国方言。① 天体の月。※万葉（８Ｃ後）一四・三三九五「小筑波の嶺ろに都久(ツク)立し間夜は多(さはだ)なりぬをまた寝てむかも」② 時間の月。※万葉（８Ｃ後）二〇・四四一三「枕大刀(まくらたし)腰にとりはきま愛しき背ろがまきこむ都久(ツク)のしらなく」[2] 〘語素〙名詞の上に付いて月の意を表わす。「つく夜」「つくよみ」など。[補注]ツク単独の例は奈良時代東国方言形に見られるだけである。中央語にツクヨ、ツクヨミなど名詞に前接して月の意味を表わす形が用いられており、ツクの形がツキ（キは乙類）よりも古い時代の面影を残すものか。

げつ【月】

[1] 〘名〙陰陽道で七曜の一つ。また、七曜を一週間に配したものの二番め「月曜」の略。※夏目漱石日記‐明治三三年（1900）「九月十日〔月〕夜半長崎着」[2] 〘接尾〙① 暦の月の数をかぞえる単位。つき。…か月(げつ)。※ロドリゲス日本大文典（1604‐08）「Ichiguet(イチゲツ)、Niguet(ニゲツ)」② 暦の月の順序をいうのに用いる語。がつ。※日本読本（1887）〈新保磐次〉一「いまは十二げつなり」

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