Office management

Japanese: 事務管理 - じむかんり(英語表記)office management
Office management
Comprehensive and scientific management of administrative affairs of organizations such as companies. Administrative affairs consist of a combination of actions such as reading, writing, speaking, calculating, investigating, carrying, and organizing, and can be divided into tasks that require advanced judgment and tasks that are merely chores. In order to scientifically manage such affairs, administrative management promotes (1) understanding the system of administrative affairs, (2) organization of administrative affairs, (3) procedures and improvements, (4) analysis of administrative affairs, (5) standardization of administrative affairs, (6) mechanization of administrative affairs, (7) document management, (8) calculation of administrative staffing levels, (9) standard cost calculation and budget control for administrative affairs, and (10) management of office facilities and layout. Recently, the construction of computer-based management information systems (MIS) has made it possible to process large amounts of information, and the efficiency of administrative affairs has improved dramatically.

Administrative management
Geschäftsführung ohne Auftrag

Managing the affairs of another person without any legal obligation (Civil Code Article 697). For example, paying the taxes of a friend who is hospitalized, even though the person did not ask for it. Management of affairs is a system based on the ideal of mutual assistance in social communal life, and the Civil Code precludes illegality by treating friendly acts of assistance and cooperation as lawful acts, and provides for the obligation of the manager to manage, on the one hand, and the obligation of the person to reimburse expenses, on the other hand, in order to fairly manage the relationship between the parties (Articles 697-702).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
企業などの組織体の管理事務を総合的,科学的に管理すること。事務は,読む,書く,話す,計算する,調査する,運ぶ,整理するといった動作の組合せで構成され,高度な判断事務から雑用的事務までに分けられる。事務管理は,こうした事務を科学的に管理するため,(1) 管理事務の体系把握,(2) 事務組織,(3) 事務手続と改善,(4) 事務分析,(5) 事務の標準化,(6) 事務機械化,(7) 文書管理,(8) 事務定員算定,(9) 事務の標準原価計算と予算統制,(10) 事務所の設備と配置管理などを推進する。最近ではコンピュータを利用した経営情報システム MISの構築によって大量の情報処理が可能となり,事務管理の効率の向上がめざましい。

事務管理
じむかんり
Geschäftsführung ohne Auftrag

法律上の義務のない者が他人のためにその事務を処理すること (民法 697) 。たとえば,頼まれたわけではないが,入院中の友人のために税金の立替え払いをしてやるなどである。事務管理は,相互扶助という社会共同生活の理想に基づいた制度であり,民法は,好意的な援助協力行為を適法行為として違法性を阻却せしめたうえで,当事者間の関係を公平に処理するため,一方,管理者の管理義務と,他方,本人の費用償還義務について規定を設けている (697~702条) 。

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