Generally speaking, this refers to equipment used in offices to make daily office work more efficient and effective. The main equipment used were mimeographs, typewriters, desk calculators, and time recorders, but as computers developed, their introduction into offices became common, and so-called office automation (OA) progressed. The term OA was coined in the United States in the late 1950s, as a result of the application of computers to office work, as opposed to factory automation (FA) in the industrial sector. From the 1950s to the 1970s, computers were used mainly to process standardized data, and were not used throughout the office. In the 1980s, with the remarkable development of electronics and the review of organizational environment systems, the purpose of OA went beyond simply mechanizing office work in offices, and was to promote the efficiency and mobility of management systems throughout the entire corporate organization. OA equipment was mainly office computers, called "office computers," which developed from accounting machines and were dedicated to office work (office computers), and had central information processing functions, and terminal devices called "workstations" themselves also had simple information processing capabilities. Personal computers are computers that can be used by individuals in small businesses or at home, and they have become popular due to the development of various dedicated operating systems, i.e., software for office work and word processing. Typical peripheral devices for office work include word processors, facsimiles, and copiers, and the introduction of laser technology has led to a remarkable increase in speed. → Related topics Computers Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
一般的にはオフィスで日常行われる事務作業をより能率的かつ効果的に行うために利用される機器をいう。謄写版,タイプライター,卓上計算機,タイムレコーダーなどが主であったが,コンピューターの発達とともにオフィスへのコンピューター導入が一般化,いわゆるオフィス・オートメーション(OA)化が進んだ。OAは1950年代末に米国で産業界のファクトリー・オートメーション(FA)に対し,コンピューターの事務処理への適用から出た言葉である。1950年代から1970年代にかけてはコンピューターによる定形化されたデータ処理が中心で,オフィス全体にわたるものではなかった。1980年代のOAはエレクトロニクスの著しい発達と組織環境システムの見直しが進み,単にオフィスにおける事務機械化にとどまらず,企業組織全体の管理システムの効率化と機動化を進めることが目的となった。 OA機器は会計機から発達したオフコンとよばれるオフィス用の事務処理専用のコンピューター(オフィス・コンピューター)が主で,中枢的な情報処理機能をもち,ワークステーションとよばれる端末機自体も簡単な情報処理能力をもつようになった。パーソナルコンピューターは文字通り小企業や家庭で個人が使えるコンピューターで,専用の各種オペレーティングシステム,すなわち事務処理やワードプロセッシング用のソフトウェアの発達で急速に普及した。周辺機器としてはワードプロセッサー,ファクシミリ,複写機が代表的な事務機械であるが,レーザー技術の導入で高速化が著しい。 →関連項目コンピューター 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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