Selection - Senshu

Japanese: 選種 - せんしゅ
Selection - Senshu

Before sowing, seeds are selected and prepared to remove any foreign seeds or impurities, and to select healthy seeds that are free of pests and diseases, and to select heavy, well-formed seeds. There are the following methods for seed selection. (1) Sifting: Using a sieve to remove seeds that are smaller or larger than a certain size. This is effective for removing foreign seeds and stones. (2) Wind selection: Using the wind to blow away lighter seeds and select heavier seeds. For many crops such as rice and rapeseed, wind selection is performed using a winnower or similar tool. This removes rice pods (rice that has not yet ripened), pods, husk fragments, rice husks, and pieces of stems and leaves. (3) Water selection: This is a method of soaking seeds in water and removing immature seeds and pieces of stems and leaves that float. (4) Salt water selection: Also known as gravity selection, seeds are soaked in salt water and the floating seeds are removed. The strength of the specific gravity separation can be freely changed by the concentration of the salt water. Table salt, rock salt, ammonium sulfate, etc. can be used. For example, for non-glutinous rice that has been winnowed, a liquid with a specific gravity of 1.13 is used.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika]

[Reference] | Salt water selection

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

種播(ま)きの前に、異種子の混入や夾雑物(きょうざつぶつ)を除き、病虫害のない健全な種子、よく充実した重い種子を選別調製すること。選種には次のような方法がある。(1)篩選(ふるいせん) 篩を用いて一定の大きさより小さいもの、あるいは大きいものを除く。混入異種子や石などを除くのに有効である。(2)風選(ふうせん) 風により軽い種子を吹き飛ばして重い種子を選ぶ。イネ、ナタネなど多くの作物について、唐箕(とうみ)などを用いて風選が行われる。粃(しいな)(十分に実っていないもみ)や莢(さや)、殻の破片、もみ殻、茎葉片などが除去される。(3)水選 水に浸(つ)けて浮いた未熟種子や茎葉片などを除去する方法。(4)塩水選 比重選ともいい、塩水に種子を浸けて浮いたものを除く。塩水の濃度によって比重選の強度を自由に変えることができる。食塩、岩塩、硫安などが用いられる。一例を示すと、風選を済ませた水稲粳(うるち)は比重1.13の液を用いる。

[星川清親]

[参照項目] | 塩水選

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