China

Japanese: 支那 - しな
China

Another name for the China region. Its origin is unclear, but it is generally believed to be due to the pronunciation of the Qin dynasty, which unified China at the end of the 3rd century BC, being transmitted westward as China or Thin. This was recorded in Buddhist scriptures and was further translated into Chinese to become Shina. This word is also transliterated as 肉那 or 珍丹 (chinistana, meaning the place where the Chinese live). Therefore, Shina is a foreign word, and the English word China and the French word Chine are also words that originate from it. In the process of Japan's invasion of Asia, the people of those regions were viewed as inferior as one of the reasons for justifying the invasion, so the word Shina does not have a derogatory meaning, but when used by Japanese people it has a derogatory character, and the Chinese also have a strong sense of contempt, so many people have avoided using it since World War II.

[Akira Utsugi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国本部地域の別称。その語源については明らかでないが、一般には紀元前3世紀末、中国を統一した秦(しん)王朝の秦の音がチーナChinaとかチンThinとして西方に伝えられたことによるという。それが仏典に記され、さらに漢訳されて支那となった。この語はまた脂那あるいは震旦(しんたん)(チニスターナ。支那人の住地の意)などと音訳されている。したがって支那は外来語であり、英語のチャイナChina、フランス語のシーヌChineなどもそれから出た語である。なお、日本のアジア地域への侵略過程で、侵略を正当化する理由の一つとしてその地域の住民を劣等視したことなどにより、支那ということばに蔑視(べっし)の意味はないが、日本人が使用すると蔑称的性格をもち、また中国人も侮蔑(ぶべつ)感を強くもつため、第二次大戦後は使用を避ける人が多くなっている。

[宇都木章]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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