Citizen Participation - Shiminsanka

Japanese: 市民参加 - しみんさんか

Citizen participation is a new concept that has spread rapidly in Japan since the late 1960s, and its meaning has not yet been fully determined. In fact, some commentators use the concept of resident participation as a synonym instead of citizen participation, while others use both concepts, citizen participation and resident participation, separately. In the broadest sense, citizen participation or resident participation refers to all forms of political participation by residents (nationals, prefectural residents, citizens) in national, prefectural, and municipal government, but it can also refer only to direct participation by residents, excluding indirect participation such as participation in elections to select representative bodies.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

市民参加は昭和40年代後半以降急速に日本に普及した新しい概念であり，その意味内容はいまだ確定したとはいいきれない。現に市民参加に代えて，これと同義のことばとして住民参加の概念を使う論者もあれば，市民参加と住民参加の両概念を使い分ける論者もある。市民参加ないし住民参加は，最広義には，住民(国民，県民，市民)が国政，県政，市政に参加するいっさいの政治参加行為を意味するが，代表機関を選出する選挙への参加といった間接参加の形態を除いて住民の直接参加形態だけを指すこともある。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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