A salt formed when some of the silicon in silicate (or silicon dioxide) is replaced by aluminum. Since silicon is tetravalent and aluminum is trivalent, the difference is made up by other cations (sodium, calcium, etc.). The atomic ratio of aluminum to silicon in actual compounds is 0 to 1/3. Many types of silicates exist in large quantities as natural minerals, and most of the silicate minerals around the world belong to this category. These are called aluminosilicate minerals. In the feldspar and zeolite groups, silicon and aluminum are each surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a regular tetrahedron, and all of the oxygen atoms at the vertices of the tetrahedron are shared with adjacent tetrahedrons (Figure). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
ケイ酸塩(または二酸化ケイ素)のケイ素の一部が,アルミニウムによって置換されて生ずる塩。ケイ素は4価,アルミニウムは3価であるから,その差を他の陽イオン(ナトリウム,カルシウムなど)によって補っている。実際の化合物におけるアルミニウムとケイ素との原子比は0~1/3である。天然に鉱物として多種,また多量に存在し,世界中のケイ酸塩鉱物の多くはこれに属する。これらをアルミノケイ酸塩鉱物という。そのうち,長石群,沸石群では,ケイ素およびアルミニウムはそれぞれが4個の酸素原子によって正四面体にとり囲まれており,四面体の頂点にある酸素原子はすべて隣の四面体と共有されている(図)。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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