[Noun] (Suru) 1. Finding the derivative of a function. 2. Finding the slope of the tangent at a certain point on a curve represented by a certain function, in other words, the limit value of the rate of change. This slope is called the differential coefficient, and if the derivative of function f ( x ) is f '( x ), then the differential coefficient of function f ( x ) at x = a is expressed as f '( a ). The inverse operation of finding the function f ( x ) that becomes f' ( x ) when differentiated is called integration, and f ( x ) is the indefinite integral of f '( x ). [Additional Note] The relationship between differentiation and integration as inverse operations is called the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, which was derived independently by Newton and Leibniz in the late 17th century and eventually developed into a major field of mathematics called analysis. In particular, many physical phenomena are described by differential equations, and solving them allows us to estimate quantities that change over time and predict phenomena. In this way, differentiation, along with integration, has become an important method for mathematically describing various phenomena in modern times. Source: About Shogakukan Digital Daijisen Information | Legend |
[名](スル) 1 ある関数の導関数を求めること。 2 ある関数で表される曲線の、ある点における接線の傾き、すなわち変化率を極限値として求めること。その傾きを微分係数といい、関数f(x)の導関数をf′(x)とすると、x=aにおける関数f(x)の微分係数はf′(a)で表される。ここで微分してf′(x)になる関数f(x)を逆の演算として求めることを積分とよび、f(x)はf′(x)の不定積分となる。 [補説]これら微分と積分が互いに逆の演算であるという関係性は微分積分学の基本定理とよばれ、17世紀後半にニュートンとライプニッツによって独立して導かれ、やがて解析学という数学の一大分野に発展した。とくに物理現象の多くは微分方程式によって記述され、それらを解くことによって時間とともに変化する数量を見積もったり、現象を予測したりできる。このように、微分は積分とともに、現代においてさまざまな現象を数学的に記述するための重要な手法となっている。 出典 小学館デジタル大辞泉について 情報 | 凡例 |
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