The oldest Paleolithic cultural site in the world, located in the mountain gorge of Tanzania, East Africa. There are many ruins in Olduvai Gorge, where L. Leakey and others have been conducting research since the 1930s. The Olduvai culture, which is considered to be the world's oldest stone tool culture mainly made of pebble tools, the Early Acheulean culture, which is the early stage of the hand-axe stone tool culture, and the Late Acheulean culture, which is an extension of the hand-axe culture, have been discovered in different strata here. This site is not only the world's oldest stone tool culture layer, but also shows the sequential development from the pebble tool culture to the hand-axe culture, making it clear that the development of the Early Paleolithic culture took place in Africa. Many animal bones have also been discovered, providing information that sheds light on the environment and livelihood of the people who left these stone tools. In addition, fossil bones of an Australopithecus ape-man were discovered in the same layer as the stone tools, and opinions are divided as to whether these ape-man bones belong to the person who left the stone tools, or to an ape-man who was used as food by the person who left the stone tools. This is the oldest and most important archaeological site in the world. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
東アフリカ,タンザニアの山峡地帯にある世界最古の旧石器文化遺跡。オルドバイ峡谷には数多くの遺跡があり,ここでは 1930年代から L.リーキーらによって調査が続けられている。ここからは,礫器を主体とした世界最古の石器文化とされているオルドバイ文化,握斧系石器文化の前期にあたる前期アシュール文化,握斧系文化の発展したものである後期アシュール文化が層位を別にして発見されている。この遺跡は単に世界最古の石器文化層が発見されただけでなく,礫器文化から握斧文化への順序を追った発展がとらえられており,前期旧石器文化の発展はアフリカでなされたことが明らかにされている。さらに多くの獣骨もともに発見されており,これらの石器を残した人々の環境,生業などを明らかにする資料をも提供している。また,石器群と同一の層から,アウストラロピテクス類の猿人の化石骨も発見され,この猿人骨をめぐって,石器を残した人と考えるか,石器を残した人によって食料にされた猿人の骨と考えるか意見が分れている。世界最古,最重要の遺跡である。
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