Shikiden

Japanese: 職田 - しきでん
Shikiden

One of the land categories in the land system under the Ritsuryo system. In the Yoro Code, it was called shikibunden. There were three types of shikiden: (1) those given to Dainagon and above, (2) those given to Dazaifu officials (Shisho and above) and kokushi (Shisho and above) (these were called kugaiden in the Taiho Code), and (3) those given to the "chief ledgers" and above of each county governor. All of them were provided for their duties, and their ownership was limited to the period of their employment. In terms of whether or not they were taxed, (1) and (2) were both non-taxable fields (however, (1) was considered taxable in the Jogan tax system), and (3) was taxable. The methods of cultivation are presumed to have been (1) management by farmers renting land (leasing land), (2) forced labor by regular employees (jiriki) provided by the state for cultivation, and (3) management by renting or using the farm's own labor.

[Koichi Murayama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

律令制(りつりょうせい)的土地制度の地目の一つ。養老令(ようろうりょう)では職分田(しきぶんでん)。職田には、(1)大納言(だいなごん)以上に与えるもの、(2)大宰府(だざいふ)の官人(史生(ししょう)以上)および各国司(史生以上)に与えるもの(これは大宝令(たいほうりょう)では公廨田(くがいでん)といった)、(3)各郡司の「主帳(しゅちょう)」以上に与えるもの、の3種類があった。いずれも職務に対して支給されるものであり、その所有は在職期間に限られた。納税の有無についていえば、(1)(2)はともに不輸租田(ふゆそでん)(ただし(1)は貞観(じょうがん)主税式では輸租となっている)、(3)は輸租田であった。耕営の方法は、(1)は農民の賃租(土地の借耕)による経営、(2)は耕作のため国家から支給される正丁(せいてい)(事力(じりき))による徭役(ようえき)労働、(3)は賃租または自家労働力による経営であったと推定されている。

[村山光一]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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