Okoe - Okoe

Japanese: 烏滸絵 - おこえ

...A picture depicting a secret love affair between a man and a woman. In the past, it was called "Osokuzu (a picture of a woman breathing)" or "Okoe (a foolish picture, an ugly picture)" and was also called "Makura-e" or "Makura no Soshi" or "Kachi-e" or "Ehon" or "Enpon" or "Higashi-ga" or "Higaki-ga" or "Wajirushi (a seal)" or "warai-e". Pictures that are not overtly depictions of secret love affairs, but are erotic and show the naked female body, such as bathing scenes, are distinguished by being called "Abuna-e" (dangerous pictures).

From [Japanese Art]

…
[The origin of Japanese art: Jomon art]
In the past, the history of Japanese art was usually thought to have begun around the Yayoi and Kofun periods, but in recent years, the artistic value of Jomon pottery has been recognized and it is now believed to date back to the Jomon period. Looking at the remains, it is safe to say that the history of Japanese art began around the late Early Jomon period, when the decorative methods of Jomon pottery advanced and began to have aesthetic effects. From then on, until it was replaced by Yayoi pottery that appeared in Kitakyushu around 300 B.C., Jomon pottery underwent a unique development with organic correspondence between patterns and vessel shapes, with a dynamic middle period and a static later and final periods.

From [Cartoon]

...A work in which an artist objectively observes and realistically expresses a subject (such as a specific individual, a profession, a class, social customs, political events, famous stories or fables, etc.) without intentionally exaggerating, deviating, or making it grotesque, in order to satirize it. Generally, it is often understood to be synonymous with caricature (a caricature that ridicules the subject's characteristics or defects by extremely distorting them), but strictly speaking, satirical drawings may or may not use caricature techniques. Here we will discuss examples of the latter, and for the former, please refer to the entry on caricature. ...

From the manga

…It was a diversion, and at the same time it allowed people to look at their present with a perspective detached from the immediate purpose. There is the Heian period's Okoe movement, which is not a doodle but a formal work drawn with the purpose of evoking laughter, and a surviving work is the Choju Giga, which was drawn at the end of the Heian period. The conventions of human society are replaced by the negotiations between a monkey, a frog, and a rabbit, and are viewed with a free perspective. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Uko-e" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…男女の秘戯を描いた絵。古くは〈おそくず(偃息図)の絵〉〈おこえ(痴絵，烏滸絵)〉といい，〈枕絵〉〈枕草紙〉〈勝絵（かちえ）〉〈会本（えほん）〉〈艶本（えんぽん）〉〈秘画〉〈秘戯画〉〈ワじるし(印)〉〈笑い絵〉などともいう。あからさまな秘戯の図ではなく，入浴の場面など女性の裸体を見せる好色的な絵は，別に〈あぶな絵〉と称して区別している。…

【日本美術】より

…
［日本美術の発祥――縄文美術］
　日本美術の歴史は，以前は弥生時代，古墳時代あたりから説をおこされるのが普通であったが，近ごろでは縄文土器の芸術性が認識され，縄文時代にさかのぼるものとされている。遺品にてらしてみるならば，縄文土器の加飾法が進んで美的効果を伴うようになった縄文早期後半あたりから日本美術の歴史が始まるとみてよいだろう。以後，前300年ころ北九州に出現した弥生土器によって代わられるまでの間，縄文土器は，動的な中期，静的な後･晩期と，文様と器形とが有機的に呼応しながら独得の展開をとげた。…

【風刺画】より

…画家がその対象(特定個人，職業，階級，社会の風習，政治的事件，著名な物語や寓話など)を風刺するために，意図的に誇張，逸脱したり，グロテスク化することなく，むしろ客観的に観察し，リアルに表現した作品。一般にはカリカチュア(対象の特徴や欠陥を極端にゆがめて嘲笑する戯画)と同義に解されがちだが，厳密にいうと風刺画にはカリカチュアの手法が用いられる場合とそうでない場合とがある。ここでは後者の作例について述べ，前者については〈カリカチュア〉の項目を参照されたい。…

【漫画】より

…それは気晴しになり，同時に目前の用途から切り離されたまなざしで自分たちの現在を見ることを可能にした。落書ではなく，本式の作品として笑いをさそう目的で描かれたものに，平安朝の烏滸絵（おこえ）の流れがあり，現存の作品として平安末期の《鳥獣戯画》がある。人間社会の約束事が，猿，カエル，ウサギの交渉に置き換えられて，自由な目でとらえられている。…

※「烏滸絵」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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