"General Linguistics Lectures"

Japanese: 《一般言語学講義》 - いっぱんげんごがくこうぎ
"General Linguistics Lectures"


[Saussure and Structural Linguistics]
F. de Saussure, who is said to have initiated the Copernican revolution in modern linguistics and is also known as the father of modern linguistics, was famous as a brilliant scholar of Indo-European comparative grammar at a young age. He trained many comparative linguists, including A. Meillet, in Paris, but in 1891 he moved to his hometown of Geneva and taught at a university until his death in 1913. Sixteen years after his death, his students collected his notes and reconstructed his lectures, which were published under his teacher's name as "Lectures on General Linguistics." It is true that Saussure valued the theories of Whitney, Baudouin de Courtenay, and Kruszewski, but in "Lectures" the subject and method of the new linguistics are presented much more clearly and directly.

From Saussure

...Professor at the University of Geneva (1891-1913). His three lectures on general linguistics, given in 1907, 1908-1909, and 1910-11, were published posthumously under the title "Cours de linguistique générale" (1916) by his students C. Bailly and A. Sechehaye (1870-1946) and his collaborator A. Riedlinger. Saussure's theory, which became known through this book, had a great influence on the Prague School of linguistics (phonology) and the Copenhagen School of linguistics (linguistics) in later years, and is considered the origin of structuralist linguistics. Its impact was not limited to linguistics, but was inherited and developed in various fields such as cultural anthropology (Lévi-Strauss), philosophy (Merleau-Ponty), literature (R. Barthes), and psychoanalysis (J. Lacan), and it paved the way for a paradigm shift from the concept of substance to the concept of relation in the methodology and epistemology of the 20th century human sciences.

*Some of the terminology referenced in "Lectures on General Linguistics" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[ソシュールと構造言語学]
 近代における言語学のコペルニクス的転換の契機を作ったとされ,近代言語学の父とも呼ばれるF.deソシュールは若くしてインド・ヨーロッパ語比較文法の俊秀として令名があり,パリでA.メイエをはじめ多くの比較言語学者を育てたが,1891年から生れ故郷のジュネーブに移り,1913年に死ぬまで大学の教壇に立った。その死後16年になって弟子たちが筆記ノートを集めて彼の講義を復原し,師の名による《一般言語学講義》として出版した。ソシュールがホイットニーとボードゥアン・ド・クルトネおよびクルシェフスキの所説を評価していたのは事実であるが,この《講義》では新しい言語学の対象と方法がはるかに明快に,かつ正面切って提出されている。…

【ソシュール】より

…ジュネーブ大学教授(1891‐1913)。1907年,08‐09年,10‐11年の3回にわたって行われた〈一般言語学講義〉は,同名の題《一般言語学講義Cours de linguistique générale》(1916)のもとに弟子のC.バイイ,セシュエA.Sechehaye(1870‐1946)および協力者リードランジェA.Riedlingerの手によって死後出版されたが,この書を通して知られるソシュールの理論は,後年プラハ言語学派(音韻論)やコペンハーゲン言語学派(言理学)などに大きな影響を与え,構造主義言語学(構造言語学)の原点とみなされている。そのインパクトは言語学にとどまらず,文化人類学(レビ・ストロース),哲学(メルロー・ポンティ),文学(R.バルト),精神分析学(J.ラカン)といったさまざまな分野において継承発展され,20世紀人間諸科学の方法論とエピステモロジーにおける〈実体概念から関係概念へ〉というパラダイム変換を用意した。…

※「《一般言語学講義》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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