Ballast - Anti-aircraft

Japanese: 安定器 - あんていき
Ballast - Anti-aircraft

Generally, it refers to a device that stabilizes the operation of equipment, but in the lighting industry, it often refers to a discharge lamp ballast that stabilizes the ignition of a discharge lamp. That is, discharge lamps such as fluorescent lamps and mercury lamps use light emitted by arc discharge, but if a voltage is applied to the lamp as is to cause an arc discharge, the current continues to increase (called a negative characteristic), which may destroy the lamp or compromise the safety of the lighting circuit including the lamp. To prevent this situation, a device that is connected in series to the lamp to control the current and stabilize the discharge is called a ballast.

Ballasts use either a resistive, inductive (choke coil) or capacitive (capacitor) circuit, or a combination of these. Some ballasts have a built-in starter. In fact, many ballasts are made that use a choke coil, a combination of a choke coil and a capacitor, or a magnetic circuit type ballast that combines the effects of a transformer and a choke coil. Also, by lighting discharge lamps at high frequency, the coil can be made smaller, and ballasts that are all electronic circuits have been created and are beginning to be used, being lightweight (about one-third the weight of conventional ballasts) with little power loss. Since the 2000s, electronic circuit ballasts have sometimes been called ECGs (electronic control gear).

[Akio Obara and Makoto Bessho]

[Reference item] | Choke coil | Discharge lamp

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一般には機器の動作を安定させるための装置をいうが、照明関係では、放電灯の点火を安定させるための放電灯用安定器をさすことが多い。すなわち、蛍光ランプ(蛍光灯)や水銀ランプなどの放電灯は、アーク放電による発光を利用しているが、ランプにそのまま電圧を印加してアーク放電をおこさせると、電流が増加し続けるため(負特性という)、ランプの破壊、または、ランプを含む点灯回路の安全性が損なわれる場合がある。このような状態を防ぐため、電流を制御して、放電を安定させるように、ランプに直列に接続して使用される装置を安定器という。

 安定器には、抵抗、誘導(チョークコイル)または容量(コンデンサー)回路のうちのいずれか、あるいはこれらを組み合わせたものが使われる。スターター(始動器)が安定器に組み込まれたものもある。実際にはチョークコイル、チョークコイルとコンデンサーとを組み合わせたものや、トランスとチョークコイルとの作用を組み合わせた磁気回路式安定器などが多く製作されている。また、放電灯を高周波点灯することで、コイルを小さくし、さらにすべてを電子回路にした軽量(従来の3分の1程度)で電力損失の少ない安定器がつくられ、実用化され始めている。2000年代以降、電子回路化した安定器はECG(electronic control gear)とよばれることがある。

[小原章男・別所 誠]

[参照項目] | チョークコイル | 放電灯

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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