The highest deliberative and decision-making body in ancient Palestine. Its origin is unclear, but in Roman times it was located in the temple in Jerusalem. There are differing views on its authority and composition, depending on whether it is based on Greek sources (the New Testament) or Hebrew sources (the Talmudic tradition), but the prevailing view is that it was divided into a section that handled religious issues and a section that handled political issues. It is also said that there was a Great Sanhedrin in Jerusalem and a Small Sanhedrin in each region. After the destruction of the temple in 70, it moved around various parts of Palestine, and from around 200 it was located in Tiberias until the abolition of the priesthood by Emperor Theodosius, and it became the center of Jewish political and religious life in the Roman Empire. During the reign of Napoleon I, it was briefly revived among the Jews of France, but then disappeared. There is also a movement to revive it in parts of present-day Israel. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
古代パレスチナの最高審議議決機関。その起源は定かではないが,ローマ時代にはエルサレムの神殿内におかれていた。その権限や構成については,ギリシア語資料 (新約聖書) とヘブライ語資料 (タルムード伝承) のいずれに依拠するかによって説が分れているが,宗教問題を扱う部門と政治問題を扱う部門とに分れていたとする説が有力とされている。またエルサレムには大サンヘドリン,地方ごとに小サンヘドリンがあったともいわれている。 70年の神殿崩壊後は,パレスチナ各地を転々としたのち,200年頃からは,テオドシウス帝によって祭司政治が廃絶されるまで,ティベリアにおかれ,ローマ帝国内のユダヤ人の政治的,宗教的生活の中心となった。ナポレオン1世の時代,フランスのユダヤ人の間で一時再興されたが消滅。また現在のイスラエルの一部にも再興の運動がある。
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