Anthelmintic drug. It is a colorless crystal or white crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless at first but slightly bitter afterwards. It is used to exterminate roundworms, pinworms, and whipworms. It is found in the highest amounts in the buds of Chinese Artemisia, Artemisia umbellata, and Artemisia cranberry, which are plants of the Asteraceae family, just before they bloom. The seed-like florets of these plants are called Chinese flowers (commonly known as semen cina), and from these, it was first extracted as crystals in Germany in 1830 and sold by Merck under the name Santonin. In Japan, it was once called Semen or Semen En. Artemisia umbellata was named after Nippon Shinyaku, which obtained seeds from Europe and made a prototype in Mibu, Kyoto. Side effects include xanthopsia, headache, nausea, and abdominal pain, and it is not used in the United States because it causes liver damage. For adults, 0.1 grams should be taken at night, and 0.1 grams the next morning before breakfast. The maximum dose is 0.3 grams per day. It is available in powder and tablet form (containing 20 milligrams). Kainic Acid Santonin Powder, a combination drug containing kainic acid, the active ingredient in Makuri, is also available. [Fumiji Koho] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
駆虫薬。無色の結晶または白色の結晶性粉末で、においはなく、味は初めはないが後にわずかに苦い。回虫、蟯虫(ぎょうちゅう)、鞭虫(べんちゅう)の駆除に用いる。キク科の植物であるシナヨモギ、ミブヨモギ、クラムヨモギの開花直前のつぼみにもっとも多く含まれており、これらの植物の種子状をした小花頭をシナ花(通称セメンシナsemen cina)といい、これから1830年にドイツで結晶として初めて抽出され、メルク社からサントニンの名で発売された。かつて、日本ではセメンまたはセメン円(えん)とよばれた。ミブヨモギは、日本新薬がヨーロッパ産の種子を入手して、京都市の壬生(みぶ)で試作したのでこの名がついた。副作用として黄視症がみられ、頭痛、悪心(おしん)、腹痛などが現れ、肝障害のあるところから、アメリカでは使用していない。成人では1回0.1グラムを夜に服用し、翌朝、朝食前に0.1グラム服用する。極量は1日0.3グラム。粉末、錠剤(20ミリグラム含有)がある。マクリの有効成分であるカイニン酸との合剤のカイニン酸・サントニン散もある。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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