Girth

Japanese: 胴差 - どうざし（英語表記）girth

In wooden buildings, a horizontal member used at the boundary between the upper and lower floors. It connects the columns and serves to support the floor beams of the upper floor. Usually, it is the same width as the columns and slightly larger in depth (thickness). If there is a beam in the middle, a splice is placed underneath and bolted. If two girths are joined together to form a sandwiched girth, the column becomes a through column and is less likely to be damaged, but in this case it protrudes to the outside. Sometimes a base is installed parallel to the top of the girth to hold down the beam and support the floor, but this is not used much these days.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

木造建築で，上階と下階の境界に用いる横架材。柱を連結し，上階の床梁を支える役目をする。普通，幅は柱と同寸，せい (厚さ) はやや大きくする。中間に梁のかかる場合は，下に添桁を当ててボルト締めとする。胴差を2本抱合せて，挟み胴差とすれば，柱は通し柱となり，いためることが少いが，この場合は外部に突出する。胴差の上部に，これと平行して，梁の押え，床の支えとして，上階の柱脚をつなぐ台輪 (だいわ) を設けることがあるが，最近はあまり用いられない。

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