Sandinista Movement - Sandinista Movement

Japanese: サンディニスタ運動 - サンディニスタうんどう

The name of the revolutionary movement in Nicaragua. Its official name is the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), named after the revolutionary Sandino C.Sandino, who was assassinated in 1934. Influenced by the Cuban Revolution, it arose in 1961 in opposition to the Somoza regime, which had continued its dictatorial rule under the leadership of Carlos Fonseca (assassinated in 1976). It mainly engaged in guerilla activities in the border areas and mountainous regions, but around 1974, anti-Somoza movements spread. With the assassination of Joaquín Chamorro in 1978, its support base expanded and it destabilized the Somoza regime. It forced A. Somoza into exile in July 1979 through large-scale military attacks and general strikes, and established a government of national reconstruction. The revolutionary government implemented policies such as land reform, literacy campaigns, and confiscation of the Somoza family's property. In the 1980s, the United States stopped economic aid, supported the counter-revolutionaries (the Contras), and continued the economic blockade. D. Ortega was inaugurated as president in the 1984 general election, and a new constitution was promulgated that advocated non-alignment and a mixed economy. In 1988, Costa Rican President Arias' peace proposal was signed by the presidents of five Central American countries, but it was not fully implemented, and in the 1990 general election, held amid the pressure of prolonged fighting and economic exhaustion, the anti-Sandinista candidate, Chamorro, won. → Somoza [family] / Chamorro [family]
→Related article Sandino | Matagalpa

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

ニカラグアの革命運動の呼称。正式名称はサンディニスタ民族解放戦線（FSLN）で，1934年に暗殺された革命家サンディーノA.C.Sandinoにちなむ。キューバ革命の影響を受け，1961年カルロス・フォンセカ（1976年暗殺）の指導のもとに独裁的支配を続けてきたソモサ体制に反対して起こった。国境地帯や山岳部でのゲリラ活動を主としていたが，1974年ごろには反ソモサの動きが広まった。1978年ホアキン・チャモロの暗殺を契機に支持基盤が広がってソモサ体制を揺るがし，大規模な軍事攻撃やゼネストで1979年７月A.ソモサを亡命に追い込み，民族再建政府を樹立。革命政府は土地改革，識字運動，ソモサ家の財産没収などの政策を実行。1980年代に入るとアメリカが経済援助を停止し，反革命派（コントラ）を支援し，経済封鎖を続けた。1984年総選挙でD.オルテガが大統領に就任，非同盟，混合経済などをうたった新憲法が発布される。1988年コスタリカ大統領アリアスの和平提案が中米５ヵ国の大統領によって調印されたが，完全には実行されず，長引く戦闘の重圧と経済疲弊の中で行われた1990年の総選挙で反サンディニスタ側のチャモロ女史が勝利。→ソモサ［家］／チャモロ［家］
→関連項目サンディーノ｜マタガルパ

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