Salazar - Antonio de Oliveira Salazar

Portuguese politician. Born to a poor farmer, he studied economics and became a professor at the University of Coimbra. In 1928, under the dictatorship of General António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona (1869-1951), he was given full authority over finances and became Minister of Finance. He balanced the budget for the first time in decades in Portugal and rebuilt the country's finances. In 1932, he became Prime Minister and ruled as a de facto dictator for 36 years until 1968. During this time, in 1933, he enacted a new constitution that combined authoritarian principles with Catholic ideas of social justice, and established a one-party dictatorship by banning all political parties except the Catholic National Unity Party. He maintained a neutral stance during World War II, and after the war, he maintained his dictatorship by getting closer to the United States and the United Kingdom, such as by having Portugal join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and continued to rule the colony. In 1968, he fell ill and recommended Caetano as his successor as Prime Minister. On a personal level, he lived a simple life.

[Tetsuya Hirase]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ポルトガルの政治家。貧農の子に生まれたが、経済学を学びコインブラ大学教授となった。1928年に将軍カルモナAntónio Óscar de Fragoso Carmona（1869―1951）の独裁下に財政の全権をゆだねられて蔵相に就任し、ポルトガルでは数十年ぶりに予算を均衡させ、財政を再建した。1932年には首相に就任し、以来事実上の独裁者として1968年まで36年間支配し続けた。この間、1933年には、権威主義的原理とカトリック的社会正義の観念を結合した新憲法を制定し、カトリック的な国家統一党以外の全政党を禁止して一党独裁を確立した。第二次世界大戦中は中立の立場をとり、戦後はポルトガルを北大西洋条約機構（NATO(ナトー)）に加盟させるなどアメリカ、イギリスに接近して独裁を維持し植民地支配を続けた。1968年に病に倒れ、カエタノを後任首相に推した。個人的には質素な生活を送った。

［平瀬徹也］

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