...The active commercial activity linking the East and the West and the annual pilgrimage to Mecca must have been factors that further promoted this movement of people. In addition to the construction of caravanserais through waqf (endowed property), the practice of jiwār (neighbor protection), in which influential peoples guaranteed the lives and safety of travelers for a certain period of time, was still alive, so travelers did not experience any major inconveniences in life in a foreign land. Despite the complex intertwining of ethnic and regional traditions, Islamic society was able to maintain a generally homogeneous cultural standard because new technology and academic information was quickly transmitted to distant places through human movement. From [Travel]…For many ulama, travel in pursuit of learning was not something special, but a part of everyday life. Such scholarly travels were made possible by the waqf (endowment) system and protection systems such as jiwār (neighborhood protection). It was because these systems functioned in various parts of the Islamic world that people like Ibn Jubayr and Ibn Battuta were able to undertake such extensive travels in the Middle Ages. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "jiwār" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…また東西を結ぶ活発な商業活動や年に1度のメッカ巡礼も,このような人間の移動をさらに促進する要因であったに違いない。ワクフ(寄進財産)によるキャラバンサライの建設に加えて,有力者が一定期間旅人の生活と安全を保障するジワールjiwār(隣人保護)の慣行も生きていたから,旅人が異郷での生活に大きな不便を感じることはなかった。民族や地域の伝統が複雑に入り組んでいたにもかかわらず,イスラム社会がおおむね均質の文化水準を維持することができたのは,人間の移動によって新しい技術や学問の情報が遠隔の地へ迅速に伝えられたからであろう。… 【旅】より…多くのウラマーにとって,学問を求める旅は特別のことではなく,普通の生活の一部となっていた。このような学者の旅を可能にしたのは,ワクフ(寄進財産)制度とジワールjiwār(隣人保護)のような保護の制度である。これらの制度がイスラム世界の各地で機能していたからこそ,中世においてイブン・ジュバイルやイブン・バットゥータのような人々があれだけの大旅行をなし得たのである。… ※「jiwār」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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