(1) Family Court Research Officer. A professional staff member placed in the family court to assist with adjudication and mediation work. Under the orders of the judge, they investigate the facts, such as the personalities, living conditions, and family environment of the parties, utilizing specialized knowledge in medicine, psychology, sociology, economics, etc., and in juvenile adjudication cases, they also supervise the juvenile. They may also attend adjudication and mediation sessions. (2) Supreme Court Research Officer. Assists Supreme Court judges. They are usually appointed by lower court judges. For cases that are pending at the Supreme Court, the research officer first investigates the case in detail and submits a report to the presiding judge in charge. They also write "Supreme Court Case Commentaries" for certain legal journals. This is a necessary system to ease the excessive burden on Supreme Court judges, but on the other hand, there is criticism that Supreme Court trials have become "trials by research officers." Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
(1)家庭裁判所調査官。家庭裁判所に置かれる,審判・調停事務を補助する専門職員。裁判官の命を受けて,医学・心理学・社会学・経済学等の専門知識を活用しつつ,当事者の性格や生活状況・家庭環境など事実関係の調査を行い,特に少年審判事件については少年の観護などもする。審判・調停の期日に出席する場合もある。(2)最高裁判所調査官。最高裁判所裁判官の補助をする。下級審裁判官から任命されるのが通例。最高裁に係属した事件については,まず調査官が事件について詳しく調査し,その報告書を担当主任裁判官に提出する。また特定の法律雑誌に〈最高裁判例解説〉を執筆する。最高裁判所裁判官の過重負担を緩和するために必要な制度であるが,反面最高裁の裁判が〈調査官裁判〉になっているとの批判もある。
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