Ethylene oxide

Japanese: エチレンオキシド - えちれんおきしど(英語表記)ethylene oxide
Ethylene oxide

It is a three-membered heterocyclic compound containing one oxygen atom in the ring, and is a type of epoxide. It is a type of cyclic ether, but the three-membered ring has a large strain, so it is prone to ring-opening reactions. It is also called ethylene oxide or oxirane.

It is produced by reacting ethylene chlorohydrin with an alkali hydroxide. This reaction was first performed by C. A. Wurtz of France in 1859, and is known as the laboratory method for producing ethylene oxide.


In 1937, a method was developed to directly oxidize ethylene with air or oxygen over a silver catalyst, and this is the method by which it is often produced industrially. It is a colorless liquid or gas with a pleasant odor and is highly volatile. It dissolves well in water, ethanol (ethyl alcohol), and ether. It is flammable, and its mixture with air has a wide explosive range and is dangerous. When it reacts with water, the three-membered ring opens to form chain-type ethylene glycol, and when polymerized with an alkali hydroxide as a catalyst, it becomes polyethylene glycol. It is inexpensive and highly reactive, making it a useful synthetic raw material, and is used as a raw material for ethylene glycol, surfactants, ethanolamine, polyethylene glycol, etc.

[Masahiro Hirota]

[References] | Wurz | Ethanol | Ether | Epoxide | Ring-opening [Supplementary information] | Ethylene oxide (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

環内に酸素原子一つを含む3員環複素環式化合物で、エポキシドの一種である。環状エーテルの一種であるが、3員環が大きなひずみをもっているので開環反応をおこしやすい。酸化エチレン、オキシランともよばれる。

 エチレンクロロヒドリンと水酸化アルカリとの反応により生成する。この反応は、1859年にフランスのC・A・ウュルツにより最初に行われた反応で、エチレンオキシドの実験室的製法として知られている。


 1937年に銀触媒上でエチレンを空気または酸素で直接酸化する方法が開発され、工業的にはこの方法により製造されることが多い。無色の液体または気体で、快いにおいをもち、揮発性が非常に大きい。水、エタノール(エチルアルコール)、エーテルによく溶ける。可燃性で、空気との混合気体は爆発範囲が広く危険である。水と反応させると3員環が開環して鎖式のエチレングリコールになり、水酸化アルカリを触媒として重合させるとポリエチレングリコールになる。安価で反応性に富むので合成原料として有用で、エチレングリコール、界面活性剤、エタノールアミン、ポリエチレングリコールなどの原料としての用途をもつ。

[廣田 穰]

[参照項目] | ウュルツ | エタノール | エーテル | エポキシド | 開環[補完資料] | エチレンオキシド(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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