A court clerk is a non-judge official of each court who is responsible for the preparation and storage of records and other documents related to court cases, and their duties are stipulated in laws such as the Court Act. The most important document prepared by a court clerk is the trial record, which records important matters such as the examination of witnesses at the trial date in criminal cases (Criminal Procedure Act, Article 48), and the oral argument record, which records the progress of oral arguments in civil cases (Civil Procedure Act, Article 160). Court clerks also assist judges in researching laws, regulations, and precedents as well as other necessary matters in relation to court cases, under the orders of the judge. They follow the judge's orders when performing their duties. When they receive an order from the judge to take a transcript of a statement or to prepare or change other documents, they may add their own opinion if they deem the preparation or change to be unjustified (Court Act, Article 60). In principle, court clerks are appointed after passing the entrance examination for the Clerk Training Department of the Court Officials Training Institute (formerly the Court Clerk Training Institute) and completing a certain period of training. Exceptionally, there is also a path for passing the clerk appointment examination and being appointed as a clerk after a short training period. [Ichiro Uchida and Morikazu Taguchi] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
各裁判所に置かれる裁判官以外の裁判所の職員であって、裁判所の事件に関する記録その他の書類の作成および保管などの事務を担当する者をいい、その職務は、裁判所法などの法律に定められている。裁判所書記官の作成する書類のうちもっとも重要なものは、刑事訴訟においては、公判期日における証人尋問などの重要な事項を記載する公判調書であり(刑事訴訟法48条)、民事訴訟では、口頭弁論の経過を記載する口頭弁論調書である(民事訴訟法160条)。裁判所書記官は、また、裁判所の事件に関し、裁判官の命を受けて、裁判官の行う法令および判例の調査のほか必要な事項の調査を補助する。職務を行うにあたっては裁判官の命令に従う。口述の書取りその他書類の作成または変更に関して裁判官の命令を受けた場合に、その作成または変更を正当でないと認めるときは、自己の意見を書き添えることができる(裁判所法60条)。裁判所書記官は、裁判所事務官に採用された者が、原則として裁判所職員総合研修所(旧裁判所書記官研修所)書記官養成部入所試験に合格し、一定期間の研修を終えた後に任用される。例外的に、書記官任用試験に合格し、短期の研修期間で書記官に任用される途もある。 [内田一郎・田口守一] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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