Secret letter - Gonisho

Japanese: 御内書 - ごないしょ
Secret letter - Gonisho

The name of the documents (monjo) issued by the Shogun from the Northern and Southern Courts to the Edo period. A direct letter from the Shogun in letter format, it was often used as a private document for the Shogun himself at first, but eventually became an official document for the Shogun. The date, sender, and address are the same as in a letter, but while a normal letter should end with "Kyokyokingen," Gonaisho ends with "nari" or adds "jokudan no gotoshi" after it. However, since there are letters that end with "jokudan no gotoshi," in reality, the distinction from letters is not necessarily clear. This document format was first used by Ashikaga Takauji, who used it to urge military forces and to give rewards. It began to be widely used around the time of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, and was also used by successive Ashikaga and Tokugawa shoguns, but was especially used frequently during the Sengoku period under Shoguns Ashikaga Yoshiharu, Yoshiteru, and Yoshiaki. Gonaisho was usually accompanied by a sub-letter from the Shogun's retainer.

[Hisao Shimizu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

南北朝~江戸時代に将軍が出した文書(もんじょ)の名称。書状形式の将軍の直状(じきじょう)で、最初は将軍自身の私用の文書として用いられることが多かったが、やがて将軍の公用文書となった。日付、差出書、充所(あてどころ)は書状と同一様式であるが、普通の書状では本文の書止めを「恐々謹言(きょうきょうきんげん)」とすべきところを、御内書は「也(なり)」で切るか、そのあとに「状如件(じょうくだんのごとし)」をつける。しかし書状のなかにも、書止めが「状如件」のものがあることなどから、実際には、書状との区別はかならずしも明確ではない。この文書形式を初めに使用したのは足利尊氏(あしかがたかうじ)で、軍勢催促や恩賞給与などに用いている。よく用いられるようになったのは足利義満(よしみつ)のころからで、代々の足利将軍、徳川将軍も使用したが、とくに戦国時代の将軍足利義晴(よしはる)、義輝(よしてる)、義昭(よしあき)の代には盛んに出された。御内書には通例、将軍の侍臣の副状(そえじょう)をつける。

[清水久夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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