Adaptation strategy

Japanese: 適応戦略 - てきおうせんりゃく

An expression that interprets the differences in the morphology and ecology of organisms from a sociobiological perspective. It is based on the idea that each organism adopts such a strategy to ensure the survival of its offspring. For example, some animals lay a small number of large eggs and carefully raise them, while others lay a large number of small eggs and leave them there, but this choice is generally determined by the conditions in which the animal is placed. In other words, the issue is the balance between the total cost required for egg-laying and raising them and the benefits obtained (the number of surviving offspring), so the optimal solution can be obtained by using an appropriate mathematical model. The strategy obtained in this way is called the optimal strategy or evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS for short). There is not necessarily only one optimal strategy for one species. For example, a way of life in which an individual becomes a territorial male and monopolizes females, and a way of life in which an individual mates with females in the vicinity while sneaking around the territorial male's eyes, can coexist, and the ratio of the two strategies can be calculated theoretically. In such cases, it is called a mixed ESS.
→ Related topic: Sociobiology

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

生物の形態や生態の違いを社会生物学的な観点から解釈した表現。それぞれの生物は自らの子孫の存続のためにそのような戦略を採用しているという考えに立つ。例えば，大きな卵を小数産んで大事に育てる動物と小さな卵を大量に産みっぱなしにする動物がいるが，この選択は一般に，その動物が置かれた条件によって決まる。すなわち，産卵・保育に要する総費用（コスト）と，得られる利益（生き残る子の数）との収支が問題になるので，適切な数学的モデルによって最適解を得ることができる。こうして得られたものを最適戦略または進化的に安全な戦略（evolutionary stable strategy。ESSと略記）と呼ぶ。最適戦略は一つの種で一つとは限らない。例えばなわばり雄となって雌を独占する生き方と，周辺でなわばり雄の目を盗んで雌と交尾する生き方は共存でき，２つの戦略の比率は理論的に算出可能である。このような場合には混合ESSと呼ぶ。
→関連項目社会生物学

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