This marine fish belongs to the order Perciformes, family Sparidae, subfamily Dentexinae. It is found in Fukushima Prefecture on the Pacific coast, various areas south of Aomori Prefecture on the Japan coast, the East China Sea, the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, Vietnam, Indonesia, and other areas, and is particularly common in the East China Sea. It is not found in the Seto Inland Sea. As a result of investigating the type specimen, the scientific name of this species was changed from Dentex tumifrons in 2007. The body is ovoid and strongly laterally compressed. It has four canines in the upper jaw and six in the lower jaw, and a row of conical teeth on the sides of both jaws. The dorsal fin has 12 spines and 10 soft rays. It can reach a total length of 40 cm. The yellow bream in the East China Sea is also called the renkodai, and is divided into three types based on body length: grass bream (15cm or less, 1 year old), small bream (19cm or less, 2 years old), medium bream (23cm or less, 3 years old), and large bream (23cm or more). The body is a beautiful pale pink with a yellow tinge, and three yellow spots lined up horizontally on the back of the body. There is also a bright yellow spot on the snout in front of the nostrils. It lives in the bottom layer at depths of 50 to 200 meters on slightly deeper coasts and continental shelves, but is more common at depths of around 90 meters. The yellow bream in the East China Sea spawn twice a year (June to July and October to November), but spawning is most common in the autumn. Among individuals maturing for the first time, females account for 70-80%. In larger fish (over 22 cm in body length), the ratio drops to 10-20% or less. In yellowfin bream around 22 cm in body length, the proportion of hermaphrodites, which have gonads of both sexes, is high. The eggs of the yellow sea bream are pelagic, 0.92 mm in diameter, containing one oil globule, and hatch in about 40 hours at a water temperature of 23°C. They reach a body length of 30 cm in about four years. Many of them have empty stomachs during the spawning season, but at other times they feed on crustaceans, fish, and mollusks, with shrimp being the most abundant. They are mainly caught by bottom seine nets, trawls, line fishing, and deep-sea longlines. They are delicious as sashimi, grilled with salt, simmered, or in soup. The very similar species, the starfish and yellow sea bream, are caught in the Amami Islands and Okinawa Island, but the yellow sea bream is not found there. It is thought that the yellow sea bream of the East China Sea and southern Japan are prevented from dispersing to the Ryukyu Islands by the Ryukyu Basin and the Kuroshio Current. This species can be distinguished from the spotted finfish in that the several spines in front of the dorsal fin do not extend into thread-like shapes, it has 46 to 50 lateral line scales, and there are five transverse scales above the lateral line, and from the yellow-spotted finfish in that each fin is red, there are four large bright yellow spots at the base of the soft part of the dorsal fin, and the snout is bright yellow. [Masato Akasaki and Kunio Amano, July 19, 2017] [References] | | |© Tadaaki Ohkata "> Main species of Thailand (2) [specimen illustration] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
硬骨魚綱スズキ目タイ科キダイ亜科に属する海水魚。太平洋側は福島県、日本海側は青森県以南の各地、東シナ海、朝鮮半島南部以南、台湾、ベトナム、インドネシアなどの海域に分布し、とくに東シナ海に多い。瀬戸内海にはいない。タイプ標本を調査した結果、2007年に本種の学名はDentex tumifronsから変更された。体は卵形で強く側扁(そくへん)する。上顎(じょうがく)に4本、下顎に6本の犬歯があり、両顎側部に1列の円錐歯(えんすいし)がある。背びれは12棘(きょく)10軟条。全長は40センチメートルに達する。東シナ海のキダイはレンコダイともよばれるが、とくに体長により芝レン(15センチメートル以下、1歳)、小レン(19センチメートル以下、2歳)、中レン(23センチメートル以下、3歳)、大レン(23センチメートル以上)に区別される。体は黄色を帯びた美しい淡紅色で、体背部に3個の黄色斑紋(はんもん)が横に並ぶ。また、鼻孔(びこう)前方の吻部(ふんぶ)に鮮黄色斑紋がある。やや深い沿岸や大陸棚の水深50~200メートルの底層に生息するが、水深90メートル前後に多い。東シナ海のキダイには年に2回(6~7月と10~11月)の産卵期があるが、秋の産卵が多い。初めて成熟する個体では雌が70~80%を占めるが、大形魚(体長22センチメートル以上)では逆に雌が10~20%以下になり、体長22センチメートル付近のキダイでは両性の生殖巣をもつ雌雄同体の個体の割合が多くなっている。 キダイの卵は油球1個をもつ卵径0.92ミリメートルの分離浮性卵で、水温23℃では約40時間で孵化(ふか)する。ほぼ4年で体長30センチメートルに達する。産卵期には空胃のものが多いが、そのほかの時期には甲殻類、魚類、軟体動物を飽食し、量的にはエビ類がもっとも多い。主として機船底引網、トロール網、一本釣り、深海延縄(はえなわ)によって漁獲される。刺身、塩焼き、煮つけ、吸い物などにして賞味され、美味である。奄美(あまみ)諸島、沖縄島などには、きわめて近似するホシレンコとキビレアカレンコが漁獲されるが、キダイは分布していない。東シナ海や南日本のキダイは、琉球(りゅうきゅう)海盆と黒潮によって南西諸島への分散を阻止されているものと考えられる。本種は、ホシレンコとは背びれ前方の数棘が糸状に伸長しないこと、側線鱗(そくせんりん)が46~50枚であること、側線上方の横列鱗数は5枚であることなどで、キビレアカレンコとは各ひれが赤色であること、背びれ軟条部基底に4個の大きな鮮黄色斑があること、吻部が鮮黄色であることなどで区別できる。 [赤崎正人・尼岡邦夫 2017年7月19日] [参照項目] | | |©大片忠明"> タイのおもな種類(2)〔標本画〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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