Coenzyme A - Coenzyme A

Japanese: コエンザイムA - コエンザイムエー
Coenzyme A - Coenzyme A

C 21 H 36 N 7 O 16 P 3 S (767.54). Abbreviated as CoA. Also known as coenzyme A. F. Lipmann (1945) discovered CoA as the coenzyme involved in the acetylation of sulfonamides in a cell-free system from pigeon liver, and then F. Lynen et al. (1951) demonstrated that "active acetate" is acetyl-CoA. Since then, numerous metabolic reactions involving CoA and its derivatives, as well as their mechanisms, have been elucidated. In many living organisms, including humans, CoA biosynthesis takes place as shown in Figure (b).

In reactions involving CoA, the binding of metabolic substances activated by coenzyme A occurs to the mercapto (SH) group of the pantetheine moiety through a high-energy sulfur bond. Therefore, the structure of free (reduced) coenzyme A is abbreviated as CoA-SH. The main metabolic systems include carbohydrate metabolism, the breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids, propionate metabolism, and branched-chain amino acid metabolism, and they play important physiological roles. For example, pyruvate produced by glycolysis is converted to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the mitochondria and enters the TCA cycle.

CH 3 COCOOH + CoA~SH + NAD +

(Pyruvate)

CH 3 CO~S-CoA + CO 2 + NADH + H +

(Acetyl CoA)

In the TCA cycle, α-ketoglutarate is converted to succinyl CoA through a similar reaction mechanism, which is used to generate ATP, generate acyl CoA from fatty acids, synthesize porphyrins, etc. [CAS 85-61-0]

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

C21H36N7O16P3S(767.54).CoAと略記する.補酵素Aともいう.F. Lipmann(リップマン)(1945年)が,ハトの肝臓の無細胞系におけるスルホンアミドのアセチル化に関与する補酵素としてCoAを見いだし,ついでF. Lynenら(1951年)が,“活性酢酸”はアセチルCoAであることを明らかにして以来,代謝上CoA,およびその誘導体の関与する数多くの反応,およびそれらの機構が明らかにされた.多くの生体でCoAの生合成はヒトの場合も含めて図(b)のように行われる.

CoAを含む反応では,コエンザイムAで活性化される代謝物質の結合は,高エネルギーの硫黄結合によりパンテテイン部のメルカプト(SH)基に起こる.したがって,遊離(還元)形補酵素Aの構造をCoA~SHと略記する.おもな代謝系としては,炭水化物代謝,脂肪酸の分解と合成,プロピオン代謝,分岐鎖アミノ酸代謝などがあり,生理的に重要なはたらきをしている.たとえば,解糖反応によって生じたピルビン酸は,ミトコンドリア内でピルビン酸脱水素酵素複合体によりアセチルCoAとなり,TCAサイクルへと入る.

  CH3COCOOH + CoA~SH + NAD

  (ピルビン酸)

   CH3CO~S-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H

   (アセチルCoA)

また,TCAサイクル中では,α-ケトグルタル酸はこれと同様の反応機構でスクシニルCoAとなり,ATPの生成,脂肪酸のアシルCoAの生成,ポルフィリンの合成などに利用される.[CAS 85-61-0]

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