Located behind a Buddha statue, this represents the light emanating from the Buddha's body. It is also called a halo or a sacred light. Among the 32 marks that describe the Buddha's superhuman nature, the white hair in the center of the Buddha's forehead emits light, and the golden body is filled with light. This white hair is the basis for the halo, and the golden body is the basis for the body light. In the early period when Buddhist statues were made in India, they were either plain disks or had simple haloes with arcs (symbols of light) around the edge, but later, oval-shaped haloes were also created, and designs of flowers and arabesques came to be added to the surface. When it was introduced into China, its form and design became even more complicated, with a double circular halo combining the head and body at the center, flames around it, a pointed jewel-shaped halo, and the addition of flying celestial beings and transformed Buddhas. Halos are not considered ornamental items in terms of rituals (rules for rituals such as offerings to Buddha), but they are considered to be included in ornamental items in terms of statue making. This type of halo is also used in Christian art, where a round ring or plate of light is attached to the head as a symbol of a "holy being." This is called a nimbus, but in cases where a figure is to show particular holiness, such as Christ or the Virgin Mary, an oval aureole that surrounds the entire body may be added. [Akio Sato] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
仏像の背後にあって、仏身から発する光明を表現したもの。後光(ごこう)、御光(ごこう)ともいう。仏の超人性を形容した三十二相のなかに、仏陀(ぶっだ)の額の中央にある白く細い巻き毛から光を発する白毫光(びゃくごうこう)と、仏体が金色でその光が周囲に満ち満ちていることが説かれている。この白毫光が頭光(ずこう)の、仏身金色の相が身光(しんこう)のもととなった。インドで仏像がつくられた早い時期には、無文の円板状か、その縁に円弧(光明の象徴)を連ねた簡単な頭光だけのものであったが、その後、全体が楕円(だえん)状の身光形のものも生まれ、表面に花や唐草(からくさ)を表した文様を付するようになった。中国に入ると、その形式や文様はさらに複雑になり、頭光・身光をあわせた二重円光背を中心に、その周囲に火焔(かえん)を表して、尖端(せんたん)のとがった宝珠(ほうしゅ)形の光背をつくりだし、また飛天(ひてん)・化仏(けぶつ)などを付した変化のある発達を遂げている。光背は儀軌(ぎき)(仏の供養などの修法(しゅほう)に関する規則)のうえからは荘厳(しょうごん)具ではないが、造像法のうえからは荘厳具に含めて考えられている。 こうした光背はキリスト教美術でも行われており、「聖なる存在」の象徴として頭部に丸い輪または板状の光を付する。これはニンブスnimbusとよばれるが、キリストや聖母のようにとくに聖性を示すべき場合には、全身を包んだ楕円状の身光オーレオールaureoleが付加されることがある。 [佐藤昭夫] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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